Editing Pope Celestine III (section)

==Pontificate==
Celestine was [[1191 papal election|elected]] on 29/30 March 1191 and ordained a priest 13 April 1191.{{sfn|Duggan|2016|p=1}} He crowned Emperor Henry VI a day or two after his ordination.{{sfn|Robinson|1990|p=510}} In 1192, Celestine recognized [[King Tancred of Sicily|Tancred]] as king of Sicily, despite Henry VI's wife's claim.{{sfn|Robinson|2006|p=382}} He threatened to [[excommunicated|excommunicate]] Henry VI for wrongfully keeping King [[Richard I of England]] imprisoned, but he could do little else since the college of cardinals were against it.{{sfn|Robinson|2006|p=382}}{{sfn|Poole|1926|p=467}}
He placed [[Pisa]] under an [[interdict]], which was lifted by his successor, [[Innocent III]] in 1198.{{sfn|Clarke|2007|p=118}}

Celestine, in 1192, sent a cardinal-priest of St. Lorenzo, Cinthius, to Denmark to address the discord between the Danish princes.{{sfn|Nielsen|2016|p=159}} Upon Cinthius' return to Rome, Celestine issued three papal bulls;''Cum Romana ecclesia'', ''Etsi sedes debeat'', ''Quanto magnitudinem tuam''. These bulls advised the archbishop Absalon of Lund to instruct the King of Denmark to release the bishop of Schleswig.{{sfn|Nielsen|2016|p=161}} The bulls also threatened to excommunicate the offending Duke Valdemar, who had imprisoned the bishop of Schleswig, and place the kingdom of Denmark under interdict.{{sfn|Nielsen|2016|p=161}} The bishop would stay imprisoned until Pope Innocent III restarted the process in 1203.{{sfn|Nielsen|2016|p=163}}

Celestine condemned King [[Alfonso IX of León]] for his marriage to [[Theresa of Portugal, Queen of León|Theresa of Portugal]] on the grounds of consanguinity.{{sfn|Lay|2009|p=174}} Portugal and León were placed under interdict.{{sfn|Lay|2009|p=174}} Then, in 1196, he excommunicated Alfonso IX for allying with the [[Almohad Caliphate]] while making war on Castile.{{sfn|Lower|2014|p=605}} Following his marriage with [[Berengaria of Castile]], Celestine excommunicated Alfonso and placed an interdict over León.{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=70-71}}

In December 1196, Celestine issued a bull acknowledging the possessions of the [[Teutonic Knights]].{{sfn|Edbury|2016|p=137}}