Editing Ponca City, Oklahoma (section)

===Petroleum industry===
[[File:Statue of E. W. Marland.jpg|upright|thumb|left|The statue of oilman [[E. W. Marland]], founder of Marland Oil (later Conoco), who later was elected as a U.S. congressman and Oklahoma governor]]
Ponca City's history and economy has been shaped chiefly by the ebb and flow of the [[petroleum industry]]. [[E. W. Marland]], a [[Pennsylvania]] oil man, came to Oklahoma and founded the [[Marland Oil Company]], which once controlled about 10% of the world's [[oil reserves]].<ref>Aptman, Patti, ''Lydie's Legend: E.W. Marland's Tragic Love'', 1995, p. 4</ref> He founded the [[101 Ranch Oil Company]], located on the [[Miller Brothers 101 Ranch]], and drilled his first successful oil well on land he leased in 1911 from the Ponca tribe of [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]].<ref name="conoco1913">[http://www.conocophillips.com/EN/about/who_we_are/history/conoco/Pages/index.aspx#1913 Conoco Inc. Company History] at Conoco Phillips company website (retrieved March 2, 2010).</ref> He was elected in 1932 as a U.S. congressman and in 1934 as governor of Oklahoma.

Marland's exploitation of oil reserves generated growth and wealth that were previously unimaginable on the Oklahoma prairie, and his company virtually built the city from the ground up.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} Marland and his associates built mansions to display their new wealth, including the Grand Home and the [[E.W. Marland Estate]] (once called the "Palace on the Prairie"). Because of this period of wealth and affluence, Ponca City has a high concentration of buildings that exemplify the popular [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture]] of the period, as well as [[Art Deco]]-influenced buildings and homes.

The "Roaring '20s" came to an end for Ponca City shortly before the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]]. After a successful takeover bid by [[J. P. Morgan Jr.|J.P. Morgan, Jr.]], son of financier [[J.P. Morgan]], [[Marland Oil Company|Marland Oil Co]]. merged with [[Conoco|Continental Oil Co.]] in the late 1920s.<ref name="conoco1913"/> It was known as [[Conoco]] for more than 70 years. The company maintained its headquarters in Ponca City until 1949 and continued to grow into a global corporation.

During the oil boom years of the 1980s, [[Conoco]] was owned by the [[DuPont]] Corp., which took control of the company in 1981.<ref name="conoco1913"/> After nearly two decades of ownership and an oil bust that crippled Oklahoma's economy in the late 1980s, DuPont sold off its Conoco assets in 1998.<ref name="conoco1913"/> In 2002, [[Conoco]] merged with [[Phillips Petroleum]] (another major petroleum player with roots in northern Oklahoma) to become [[ConocoPhillips]].<ref name="conoco1913"/> ConocoPhillips was then the sixth-largest publicly traded oil company in the world, and the third largest in the United States.<ref name="conoco1913"/> It maintains a significant presence in its historic home state.

Since the company has reduced its workforce and facilities in the city, the population has declined steadily since the early 1990s. In February 2009, [[ConocoPhillips]] announced that all of its remaining non[[refinery]] operations in Ponca City (representing 750 jobs) would be moved out of the city.<ref>[http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?subjectid=48&articleid=20090218_49_A1_PONCAC92079 Rod Walton, "750 jobs in Ponca City will move: All ConocoPhillips non-refinery work is leaving town"], ''[[Tulsa World]]'', February 18, 2009.</ref> The city's recent efforts to grow its economy beyond the petroleum industry have attracted a number of technology, manufacturing, and service jobs.

In 2005, [[ConocoPhillips]] announced plans to build a $5 million museum across from its Ponca City refinery. Opened to the public in May 2007, the Conoco Museum features artifacts, photographs, and other historical items related to the petroleum industry and its culture in northern Oklahoma.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Griffin|first=David|title=Museums to trace history of Conoco, Phillips|url=https://www.newson6.com/story/5e368b972f69d76f620a2a30/museums-to-trace-history-of-conoco-phillips|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.newson6.com|language=en}}</ref> A sister museum, Phillips Petroleum Company Museum, was to be opened in [[Bartlesville, Oklahoma]]. Funded by a private foundation, the Conoco Museum charges no admission fee.

In 2012, [[ConocoPhillips]] split into two separate companies, with the upstream portion retaining the [[ConocoPhillips]] name and the refining and transportation portions taking the name [[Phillips 66]].

Based in [[Houston]], [[Texas]], Phillips 66 continues to operate a 200,000-barrel-per-day refinery. [https://www.phillips66.com/refining/ponca-city-refinery Phillips 66 | Ponca City Refinery] in Ponca City.