Editing Polyploidy (section)

=== Types ===
{{Redirect|Triploid|the human chromosomal disorder (69 XXX, etc.)|Triploid syndrome}}
{{anchor|Polyploid types}}
[[File:Organ-specific patterns of endopolyploidy in the giant ant Dinoponera australis - JHR-037-113-g001.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Organ-specific patterns of endopolyploidy (from 2''x'' to 64''x'') in the giant ant ''[[Dinoponera australis]]'']]'''Polyploid''' types are labeled according to the number of chromosome sets in the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]]. The letter ''x'' is used to represent the number of chromosomes in a single set:

*'''haploid''' (one set; 1''x''), for example male [[Myrmica rubra|European fire ant]]s
*'''diploid''' (two sets; 2''x''), for example [[human]]s
*'''triploid''' (three sets; 3''x''<!-- Sic, not "×"-->), for example sterile [[Crocus sativus|saffron crocus]], or [[parthenocarpy|seedless watermelons]], also common in the [[phylum]] [[Tardigrada]]<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Bertolani R |year=2001|title=Evolution of the reproductive mechanisms in Tardigrades: a review|journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger|volume=240|issue=3–4|pages=247–252|doi=10.1078/0044-5231-00032|bibcode=2001ZooAn.240..247B }}</ref>
*'''tetraploid''' (four sets; 4''x''), for example, [[Plains viscacha rat]], [[Salmonidae]] fish,<ref name="StouderBisson1997">{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-6375-4_4 |chapter=The Origin and Speciation of Oncorhynchus Revisited |title=Pacific Salmon & Their Ecosystems |date=1997 |last1=McPhail |first1=J. D. |pages=29–38 |isbn=978-0-412-98691-8 }}</ref> the cotton ''[[Gossypium hirsutum]]''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Adams KL, Wendel JF | title = Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 135–141 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15752992 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.01.001 | bibcode = 2005COPB....8..135A }}</ref>
*'''pentaploid''' (five sets; 5''x''), for example Kenai Birch (''[[Betula kenaica]]'')
*'''hexaploid''' (six sets; 6''x''), for example some species of [[wheat]],<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-817563-7.00028-3 |chapter=Wide hybridization |title=Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development |date=2021 |last1=Singh |first1=Dhan Pal |last2=Singh |first2=Asheesh K. |last3=Singh |first3=Arti |pages=159–178 |isbn=978-0-12-817563-7 }}</ref> [[kiwifruit]]<ref name="kiwifruit">{{cite journal |last1=Crowhurst |first1=Ross N. |last2=Whittaker |first2=D. |last3=Gardner |first3=R. C. |title=THE GENETIC ORIGIN OF KIWIFRUIT |journal=Acta Horticulturae |date=April 1992 |issue=297 |pages=61–62 |doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.297.5 }}</ref>
*'''heptaploid''' or '''septaploid''' (seven sets; 7''x''), for example some cultured [[Siberian sturgeon]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Havelka |first1=Miloš |last2=Bytyutskyy |first2=Dmytro |last3=Symonová |first3=Radka |last4=Ráb |first4=Petr |last5=Flajšhans |first5=Martin |title=The second highest chromosome count among vertebrates is observed in cultured sturgeon and is associated with genome plasticity |journal=Genetics Selection Evolution |date=11 February 2016 |volume=48 |article-number=12 |doi=10.1186/s12711-016-0194-0 |doi-access=free |pmid=26867760 |pmc=4751722 }}</ref>
*'''octaploid''' or '''octoploid''', (eight sets; 8''x''), for example ''[[Acipenser]]'' (genus of [[sturgeon]] fish), [[dahlia]]s
*'''decaploid''' (ten sets; 10''x''), for example certain [[Fragaria|strawberries]]
*'''dodecaploid''' or '''duodecaploid''' (twelve sets; 12''x''), for example the plants ''[[Celosia argentea]]'' and ''[[Spartina anglica]]''{{Hair space}}<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Aïnouche ML, Fortune PM, Salmon A, Parisod C, Grandbastien MA, Fukunaga K, Ricou M, Misset MT | display-authors = 6 |year=2008|title=Hybridization, polyploidy and invasion: Lessons from ''Spartina'' (Poaceae)|journal=Biological Invasions|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1159–1173|doi=10.1007/s10530-008-9383-2 }}</ref> or the amphibian ''[[Xenopus ruwenzoriensis]]''.
*'''tetratetracontaploid''' (forty-four sets; 44''x''), for example [[Morus nigra|black mulberry]]<ref>
:{{ cite journal | issue = 10 | year = 2017 | volume = 7 | vauthors = Hussain F, Rana Z, Shafique H, Malik A, Hussain Z | pages = 950–956 | publisher = [[Medknow]] | title = Phytopharmacological potential of different species of Morus alba and their bioactive phytochemicals: A review | journal = [[Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine]] | doi = 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.015 | issn = 2221-1691 | doi-access = free }}
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:{{ cite book | year = 2018 | publisher = [[Springer International Publishing AG]] | vauthors = Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV | veditors = Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV | pages = 89–130 | url=| title = Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits | volume = 2 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-91944-7 | isbn = 978-3-319-91943-0 }}
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:This review and book cite this research.
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:{{cite journal | vauthors = Zeng Q, Chen H, Zhang C, Han M, Li T, Qi X, Xiang Z, He N | display-authors = 6 | title = Definition of Eight Mulberry Species in the Genus ''Morus'' by Internal Transcribed Spacer-Based Phylogeny | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = e0135411 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26266951 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0135411 | pmc = 4534381 | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1035411Z | doi-access = free }}
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