Editing Polyphony (section)

==Origins of written polyphony==
Although the exact origins of polyphony in the Western church traditions are unknown, the treatises ''[[Musica enchiriadis]]'' and ''[[Scolica enchiriadis]]'', both dating from {{circa|900}}, are usually considered the oldest extant written examples of polyphony. These treatises provided examples of two-voice note-against-note embellishments of chants using parallel octaves, fifths, and fourths. Rather than being fixed works, they indicated ways of improvising polyphony during performance. The ''[[Winchester Troper]]'', from {{circa|1000}}, is generally considered to be the oldest extant example of notated polyphony for chant performance, although the notation does not indicate precise pitch levels or durations.<ref>[[Hugo Riemann|Riemann, Hugo]]. History of music theory, books I and II: polyphonic theory to the sixteenth century, Book 1. Da Capo Press. June 1974.</ref> However, a two-part [[antiphon]] to [[Saint Boniface]] recently discovered in the [[British Library]], is thought to have originated in a monastery in north-west Germany and has been dated to the early tenth century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/earliest-known-piece-of-polyphonic-music-discovered |title=Earliest known piece of polyphonic music discovered |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=17 Dec 2014 |website=www.cam.ac.uk |publisher=University of Cambridge |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>