Editing Politics of Libya (section)

== Changes after the 2011 Civil War ==
Political parties were banned in Libya from 1972 until the removal of Gaddafi's government, and all elections were nonpartisan under law. However, during the revolution, the National Transitional Council (NTC), a body formed on 27 February 2011 by [[anti-Gaddafi forces]] to act as the "political face of the revolution", made the introduction of multiparty democracy a cornerstone of its agenda. In June 2011, [[Saif al-Islam Gaddafi]] said his father would agree to internationally monitored general elections, and would step down if he lost them, but his offer was refused in face of the Resolution 1970, which referred Gaddafi, his family, and his security entourage to the International Criminal Court as a result of war crimes and crimes against humanity.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Murithi |first=Tim |date=2012 |title=The African Union and the Libya Crisis: Situating the Responsibility to Protect in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893822?seq=1 |journal=Journal of African Union Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=83–88 |issn=2050-4292}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 June 2011 |title=Rebels dismiss election offer, NATO pounds Tripoli |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-idUSTRE7270JP20110616 |access-date=18 September 2011 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

On 8 March, the NTC issued a statement in which it declared itself to be the "sole representative all over Libya".<ref>{{cite news |date=6 March 2011 |title=Ferocious battles in Libya as national council meets for first time |url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/ferocious-battles-in-libya-as-national-council-meets-for-first-time/story-e6frfku0-1226016536676 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822083631/https://www.news.com.au/world/ferocious-battles-in-libya-as-national-council-meets-for-first-time/news-story/77a9c3d6f7ffdb00ee111056a8447ac8 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=6 March 2011 |work=NewsCore}}</ref> The council formed an interim governing body on 23 March. As of 20 October 2011, with the support and protection of NATO, the NTC captured Muammar Gaddafi, where he was subsequently killed in a cross-fire.<ref name=":5" /> As an immediate result, 100 countries declared full support to the council by severing all relations with Gaddafi's rule and recognizing the National Transitional Council as the "rightful representative of Libya".

On 3 August 2011, the NTC issued a [[Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration|Constitutional Declaration]] which declared the statehood of Libya as a [[democracy]] with [[Islam]] as its [[state religion]], in which the state guarantees the [[rule of law]] and an independent [[judiciary]] as well as civic and human [[Fundamental rights|basic rights]] (including [[freedom of religion]] and [[women's rights]]), and which contains provisions for a phase of transition to a [[Presidential system|presidential republic]] with an elected national assembly and a democratically legitimized [[constitution]] by 2013. The drafting of the constitution is particularly difficult considering the different interests of the shareholders involved. Vice Chairman [[Abdul Hafiz Ghoga]] declared Libya to be "liberated" on 23 October 2011, announcing an official end to the war. Chairman [[Mustafa Abdul Jalil]] said Libya would become an [[Islam and democracy|Islamic democracy]] in the wake of [[Killing of Muammar Gaddafi|Gaddafi's death]], though the extent of [[Sharia|Islamic law]]'s influence would be determined by elected lawmakers.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 October 2011 |title=Libya declares 'liberation,' path to elections, constitution |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/10/libya-declares-liberation-path-to-elections-constitution.html |access-date=23 October 2011 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ghoga later confirmed that Libya will continue to adhere to all international agreements to which it was signatory prior to the uprising.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sun, 23 Oct 2011, 17:09 GMT+3 – Libya |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/liveblog/libya-oct-23-2011-2009 |access-date=23 October 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera Blogs}}</ref>

The National Transitional Council only possessed moral, legal, and ethical authority, while Libya's opposing militias had access to a large supply of arms and local networks. This deepened the loyalties of many localities with the militias, ultimately granting these militias as de facto political authority.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawani |first=Youssef |last2=and Pack |first2=Jason |date=2013-09-01 |title=Libyan constitutionality and sovereignty post-Qadhafi: the Islamist, regionalist, and Amazigh challenges |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13629387.2013.838056 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=523–543 |doi=10.1080/13629387.2013.838056 |issn=1362-9387}}</ref>

On 7 July 2012 an election was held for the [[General National Congress]] (GNC) to replace the NTC. There were 2,501 candidates for the 200 seats – 136 for political parties and 64 for independent candidates. About 300 candidates' views were considered unacceptable and removed from candidates list, suspected of sympathizing with the defeated forces of the Jamahiriya. Accreditation centers have also been organized in European cities with larger Libyan communities like Berlin and Paris, in order to allow Libyan nationals, there to cast their vote.<ref>[http://hnec.ly/en/modules/publisher/item.php?itemid=38 High National Election Commission: Press Release 16. June 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004065700/http://hnec.ly/en/modules/publisher/item.php?itemid=38|date=4 October 2015}}</ref>

On 8 August 2012 the NTC officially dissolved and transferred power to the General National Congress.  
[[File:Pictures of Libyan Civil War (2011).png|thumb|Pro-Jamahiriya and NTC opposition groups in Libyan Civil War (2011)]]