Editing Politics of Ecuador (section)

==Judicial branch==
[[File:FACHADA CORTE NACIONAL DE JUSTICIA (27764190581).jpg|thumb|National Justice Court]]
[[File:CFNQuito.jpg|thumb|State Attorney General's Office Building]]
=== The former Supreme Court of Ecuador ===
New justices of the Supreme Court of Ecuador were elected by the sitting members of the court. A bare majority of Congress, acting in a special session called by former President [[Lucio Gutiérrez]] in December 2004, ousted 27 of the 31 justices and replaced them with new members chosen by Congress; notwithstanding, the lack of any provisions permitting impeachment of Supreme Court justices by Congress and the specific provisions giving the Court the power to select new members.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/18/world/americas/firings-on-ecuadors-top-court-stir-oppositions-wrath.html|title=Firings on Ecuador's Top Court Stir Opposition's Wrath|last=Forero|first=Juan|date=2004-12-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-26|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Earlier, in November 2004, Congress replaced the majority of judges on the country's Electoral Court and [[Constitutional Court of Ecuador|Constitutional Court]] by a similar process.

==== List of presidents ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!President
!Períod
|-
|José Fernández Salvador López
|1830–1834
|-
|José María de Arteta y Calisto
|1835
|-
|Joaquín Gutiérrez Restrepo
|1836
|-
|Fidel Quijano Valencia
|1837
|-
|Víctor Félix de Sanmiguel Cacho
|1838
|-
|José María de Arteta y Calisto
|1839–1840
|-
|Joaquín Gutiérrez Restrepo
|1841
|-
|Víctor Félix de Sanmiguel Cacho
|1842
|-
|José María de Arteta y Calisto
|1843
|-
|Joaquín Gutiérrez Restrepo
|1844
|-
|Luis De Saá
|1845
|-
|Víctor Félix de Sanmiguel Cacho
|1846–1847
|-
|Salvador Ortega Estacio
|1848
|-
|[[Pedro José de Arteta|Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto]]
|1849
|-
|Miguel Alvarado
|1850
|-
|[[Pedro José de Arteta|Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto]]
|1851
|-
|Pablo Vásconez Román
|1852
|-
|Antonio Bustamante del Mazo
|1853
|-
|Miguel Alvarado
|1854
|-
|Ramón Borja
|1855
|-
|Carlos Tamayo
|1856
|-
|Antonio Bustamante del Mazo
|1857
|-
|Nicolás Espinosa
|1858
|-
|Manuel Carrión
|1859
|-
|Ramón Miño
|1860
|-
|[[Pedro José de Arteta|Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto]]
|1861
|-
|Ramón Miño
|1862
|-
|Antonio Gómez de la Torre
|1863
|-
|Carlos Tamayo
|1864
|-
|[[Pedro José de Arteta|Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto]]
|1865
|-
|Ramón Miño
|1866
|-
|Antonio Muñoz
|1867
|-
|Luis A. Salazar
|1868
|-
|Manuel Checa
|1869
|-
|[[Pablo Herrera González]]
|1869
|-
|Ramón Miño
|1870
|-
|Nicolás Martínez
|1871
|-
|[[Rafael Carvajal|Rafael Carvajal Guzmán]]
|1872
|-
|Luis A. Salazar
|1873
|-
|Rafael Quevedo
|1874
|-
|[[Pablo Herrera González]]
|1875
|-
|Pedro Fermín Cevallos
|1876
|-
|Julio Castro
|1877
|-
|Antonio Muñoz
|1878
|-
|Antonio Portilla
|1879
|-
|Francisco A. Arboleda
|1880
|-
|Vicente Nieto
|1881
|-
|León Espinosa de los Monteros
|1882
|-
|Vicente Nieto
|1883–1885
|-
|Pedro Fermín Cevallos
|1886
|-
|[[Pedro José Cevallos|Pedro J. Cevallos y Fernández Salvador]]
|1886
|-
|Alejandro Ribadeneira Salazar
|1887
|-
|Julio Castro
|1888
|-
|Antonio Robalino
|1889
|-
|Luis A. Salazar
|1890
|-
|Julio Castro
|1891
|-
|Antonio Portilla
|1892
|-
|José Modesto Espinosa
|1893
|-
|Vicente Nieto
|1894
|-
|José Modesto Espinosa
|1895
|-
|Francisco J. Montalvo
|1896
|-
|León Espinosa de los Monteros
|1897
|-
|Vicente Nieto
|1898
|-
|Manuel Montalvo
|1899
|-
|José María Borja
|1900
|-
|Belisario Albán Mestanza
|1901
|-
|Leopoldo Pino
|1902
|-
|[[Manuel Benigno Cueva|Manuel Benigno Cueva Betancourt]]
|1903
|-
|Belisario Albán Mestanza
|1904
|-
|Leopoldo Pino
|1905
|-
|Belisario Albán Mestanza
|1906
|-
|Manuel Montalvo
|1907
|-
|Pacífico Villagómez
|1908
|-
|Alejandro Cárdenas
|1909
|-
|Belisario Albán Mestanza
|1910
|-
|Pacífico Villagómez
|1911
|-
|Belisario Albán Mestanza
|1912
|-
|Alejandro Cárdenas
|1913
|-
|Francisco Andrade Marín
|1914
|-
|Leopoldo Pino
|1915
|-
|Manuel Eduardo Escudero
|1916
|-
|Alejandro Cárdenas
|1917
|-
|Leopoldo Pino
|1918
|-
|Alejandro Cárdenas
|1919
|-
|Belisario Albán Mestanza
|1920
|-
|Leopoldo Pino
|1921
|-
|Modesto A. Peñaherrera
|1922
|-
|José María Ayora Cueva
|1923
|-
|Manuel Eduardo Escudero Viteri
|1924
|-
|Leopoldo Pino
|1925
|-
|José Luis Román
|1925
|-
|Modesto A. Peñaherrera
|1926
|-
|José María Ayora Cueva
|1927
|-
|Manuel Eduardo Escudero Viteri
|1928
|-
|Manuel R. Balarezo
|1929
|-
|Francisco Pérez Borja
|1930
|-
|Pablo N. Roldán
|1931
|-
|Manuel Eduardo Escudero Viteri
|1932
|-
|[[Manuel María Borrero|Manuel María Borrero González]]
|1932
|-
|José Antonio Baquero de la Calle
|1933
|-
|Camilo Octavio Andrade López
|1934
|-
|Vicente Enríquez Andrade
|1935
|-
|Alejandro Ribadeneira Salazar
|1936
|-
|Camilo Octavio Andrade López
|1937
|-
|Benjamín Terán Coronel
|1939
|-
|Camilo Octavio Andrade López
|1940
|-
|Belisario Ponce Borja
|1941
|-
|Celio Enrique Salvador Quintana
|1942
|-
|Leoncio Patiño Carrión
|1943
|-
|Aurelio A. Bayas Argudo
|1944
|-
|Belisario Ponce Borja
|1945
|-
|José María Suárez M.
|1946
|-
|Belisario Ponce Borja
|1947
|-
|Alejandro Ribadeneira Salazar
|1948
|-
|[[Camilo Gallegos Toledo]]
|1949
|-
|José María Villagómez Román
|1950
|-
|Benjamín Cevallos Arízaga
|1951
|-
|Luis F. Madera Negrete
|1952
|-
|Manuel Elicio Flor Torres
|1953
|-
|Alfonso Mora Bowen
|1954
|-
|[[Camilo Gallegos Toledo]]
|1955
|-
|José María Villagómez Román
|1956
|-
|Benjamín Cevallos Arízaga
|1957
|-
|Luis Eladio Benítez Jara
|1958
|-
|Manuel Elicio Flor Torres
|1959
|-
|Benjamín Cevallos Arízaga
|1960
|-
|[[Camilo Gallegos Toledo]]
|1961
|-
|José María Villagómez Román
|1962
|-
|Francisco Montero Carrión
|1963
|-
|Francisco Ochoa Ortiz
|1964
|-
|Julio Tobar Donoso
|1965
|-
|Francisco Páez Romero
|1965
|-
|Arturo del Pozo Saltos
|1966
|-
|Francisco Ochoa Ortiz
|1967
|-
|Julio Tobar Donoso
|1968
|-
|Benjamín Cevallos Arízaga
|1968
|-
|Ricardo Cornejo Rosales
|1969
|-
|César Durango Montenegro
|1970
|-
|Rafael Terán Varea
|1971
|-
|Miguel Aguirre Sánchez
|1972
|-
|Tomás Valdiviezo Alba
|1973
|-
|Carlos A. Jaramillo Andrade
|1974–1975
|-
|Luis Jaramillo Pérez
|1976
|-
|César Durango Montenegro
|1977
|-
|Gonzalo Karolys Martínez
|1978–1979
|-
|Armando Pareja Andrade
|1979–1981
|-
|Gonzalo Zambrano Palacios
|1981–1983
|-
|Carlos Pozo Montesdeoca
|1983–1984
|-
|Gonzalo Córdova Galarza
|1984–1986
|-
|Germán Carrión Arciniegas
|1986–1987
|-
|Juan Agustín Quinde Burneo
|1987–1988
|-
|[[Ramiro Larrea Santos]]
|1988–1990
|-
|Walter Guerrero Vivanco
|1990–1993
|-
|Francisco Acosta Yépez
|1993–1995
|-
|Miguel Macías Hurtado
|1995
|-
|Carlos Solórzano Constantine
|1995–1997
|-
|Héctor Romero Parducci
|1997–2000
|-
|Galo Pico Mantilla
|2000–2002
|-
|Armando Bermeo Castillo
|2002–2004
|-
|Hugo Quintana Coello
|2004
|-
|Ramón Rodríguez Noboa
|2004–2005
|-
|Guillermo Castro Dáger
|2005
|-
|Jaime Velasco Dávila
|2005–2008
|-
|Roberto Gómez Mera
|2008
|}

=== Reorganization of Court (2008) ===
After the adoption of a new Constitution in 2008, the judicial branch of the country was completely renewed to provide a cooperative leadership by having a judicial and an administrative head. As such, the bodies of Ecuador's judicial branch now consisted of the National Court of Justice, provincial courts (created by the National Court), tribunals and judges, National Council of the Judicature, Public Defendants' Office, and State Attorneys' Office. The 2008 Constitution also led to the creation of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caj.fiu.edu/national-cj-systems/south-america/ecuador/index.html.gz|title=Ecuador|website=FIU Center for the Administration of Justice|access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4083847.stm|title=Supreme Court in Ecuador replaced|date=2004-12-10|work=BBC World|access-date=2019-04-26|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==== National Court of Justice ====
The National Court of Justice seats 21 judges elected for a period of 9 years. They are elected by the Judiciary Council based on a merits contest held by that office. They are the final stage of any judicial process serving as a Court of Cassation and create binding precedent based on Triple Reiterative Rulings from the Chambers of the Court. The President of the Court is elected among the members of the Court for a Period of three years, representing the Judicial Branch before the State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cortenacional.gob.ec/cnj/index.php/pages/196%20-18-estructura-organica|title=La Corte|website=www.cortenacional.gob.ec|language=es-es|access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref>

===== List of presidents =====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!President
!Period
|-
| José Vicente Troya Jaramillo
| 2008–2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | Carlos Ramírez Romero
|2011–2012
|-
|2012–2015
|-
|2015–2018
|-
|[[María Paulina Aguirre|Paulina Aguirre Suárez]]
|2018–present
|-
|}

==== Judiciary Council ====
The administrative branch of the judicial power consists of the Judiciary Council. The Council is formed by 9 Vocals who are elected by the Branch of Transparency and Social Control, which is formed by the Control Authorities of the State. The Vocals are elected also by a merits contest and it shall be formed by six experts in law and 3 experts in management, economics and other related areas. However, after the National Referendum that took place on 5 May 2011 led to the passing of a proposition impulsed by the government, the Judiciary Council changed its formation by making a constitutional amendment. Currently, a Tri-Party Commission is serving as a Transitional Council with delegates from the Legislative, Executive and Transparency Branch, in order to reform the broken judicial system of the country.

=== Constitutional Court of Ecuador ===
The [[Constitutional Court of Ecuador]] does not exercise legal revision, but rather constitutional control of situations where constitutional rights are violated. Also they are the sole body in the State to interpret what the Constitution says.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dplf.org/sites/default/files/1260463478.pdf|title=Cambios en la justicia ecuatoriana|date=3 November 2009|website=Revista de la Fundación para el Debido Proceso Legal (DPLF)}}</ref>

==== List of presidents ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!President
!Períod
|-
|[[Patricio Pazmiño Freire]]
|2008–2015
|-
|Alfredo Ruiz Guzmán
|2015–2018
|-
|Hernán Salgado Pesántes
|2019–present
|}
As of 2019, the court has the following members:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/mujeres-hombres-nueva-corte-constitucional.html|title=4 mujeres y 5 hombres integran la nueva Corte Constitucional de Ecuador|website=El Comercio|date=28 January 2019 |access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref>

* Hernán Salgado Pesántes
* Carmen Corral
* Agustín Grijalva
* Teresa Nuques
* Enrique Herrera
* Karla Andrade
* Ramiro Ávila
* Daniela Salazar
* Alí Lozada