Editing Pliocene (section)

==Subdivisions==
[[File:Pliocene Chart.jpg|thumb|left|Some schemes for subdivisions of the Pliocene]]
In the official timescale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]], the Pliocene is subdivided into two [[stage (stratigraphy)|stages]]. From youngest to oldest they are:

* [[Piacenzian]] (3.60–2.58 Ma)<ref name="castradori_etal_1998">{{cite journal |last1=Castradori |first1=D. |last2=Rio |first2=D. |last3=Hilgen |first3=F. J. |last4=Lourens |first4=L. J. |title=The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene) |journal=Episodes |date=1998 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=88–93 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/003|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Zanclean]] (5.33–3.60 Ma)<ref name="vancouvering_etal_2000"/>

The Piacenzian is sometimes referred to as the Late Pliocene, whereas the Zanclean is referred to as the Early Pliocene.

In the system of
* [[North American Land Mammal Ages]] (NALMA) include [[Hemphillian]] (9–4.75 Ma),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tedford |first1=Richard H. |last2=Albright |first2=L. Barry |last3=Barnosky |first3=Anthony D. |last4=Ferrusquia-Villafranca |first4=Ismael |last5=Hunt |first5=Robert M. |last6=Storer |first6=John E. |last7=Swisher |first7=Carl C. |last8=Voorhies |first8=Michael R. |last9=Webb |first9=S. David |last10=Whistler |first10=David P. |title=6. Mammalian Biochronology of the Arikareean Through Hemphillian Interval (Late Oligocene Through Early Pliocene Epochs) |journal=Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America |date=2004-12-31 |pages=169–231 |doi=10.7312/wood13040-008|isbn=9780231130400 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hulbert |first1=Richard C. Jr. |title=Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Age |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-vertebrate-fossils/land-mammal-ages/hemphillian/ |website=Fossil Species of Florida |publisher=Florida Museum |access-date=7 June 2021 |date=2 August 2016}}</ref> and [[Blancan]] (4.75–1.6 Ma).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hulbert |first1=Richard C. Jr. |title=Blancan North American Land Mammal Age |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-vertebrate-fossils/land-mammal-ages/blancan/ |website=Fossil Species of Florida |publisher=Florida Museum |access-date=7 June 2021 |date=2 August 2016}}</ref> The Blancan extends forward into the [[Pleistocene]].
* [[South American Land Mammal Ages]] (SALMA) include [[Montehermosan]] (6.8–4.0 Ma), [[Chapadmalalan]] (4.0–3.0 Ma) and [[Uquian]] (3.0–1.2 Ma).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flynn |first1=J. |last2=Swisher |first2=C.C. III |date=1995 |chapter=Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology |editor=William A. Berggren |editor2=Dennis V. Kent |editor3=Marie-Pierre Aubry |editor4=Jan Hardenbol |title=Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation |publisher=Society for Sedimentary Geology |pages=317–333 |doi=10.2110/pec.95.04.0317}}</ref>

In the [[Paratethys]] area (central [[Europe]] and parts of western Asia) the Pliocene contains the Dacian (roughly equal to the Zanclean) and Romanian (roughly equal to the Piacenzian and Gelasian together) stages. As usual in stratigraphy, there are many other regional and local subdivisions in use.

In [[Great Britain|Britain]], the Pliocene is divided into the following stages (old to young): Gedgravian, [[Red Crag Formation|Waltonian]], Pre-Ludhamian, Ludhamian, Thurnian, [[Bramertonian Stage|Bramertonian]] or Antian, [[Pre-Pastonian]] or Baventian, [[Pastonian Stage|Pastonian]] and [[Beestonian stage|Beestonian]]. In the [[Netherlands]] the Pliocene is divided into these stages (old to young): Brunssumian C, Reuverian A, Reuverian B, Reuverian C, [[Praetiglian]], [[Tiglian]] A, Tiglian B, Tiglian C1-4b, Tiglian C4c, Tiglian C5, Tiglian C6 and [[Eburonian]]. The exact correlations between these local stages and the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] (ICS) stages is not established.<ref name="Kuhlmann 2006">{{cite journal |last=Kuhlmann |first=G. |author2=C.G. Langereis |author3=D. Munsterman |author4=R.-J. van Leeuwen |author5=R. Verreussel |author6=J.E. Meulenkamp |author7=Th.E. Wong |title=Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region |journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciences |year=2006 |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=19–35 |doi=10.1017/S0016774600021405|bibcode=2006NJGeo..85...19K |s2cid=62803118 |url=http://publications.tno.nl/publication/34609915/spx1kR/kuhlmann-2006-integrated.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>