Editing Pitmatic (section)

===Dictionaries and compilations===

Although he did not use the term "Pitmatic", [[Alexander John Ellis|Alexander J. Ellis]]'s seminal survey of English dialects in the late nineteenth century included the language of "Pitmen",<ref name=EllisV5>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/OnEarlyEnglishPronunciationWithEspecialReferenceToShakspereAnd/|title=On Early English Pronunciation, with Especial Reference to Shakspere and Chaucer : Part V, Existing Dialectical as Compared to West Saxon Pronunciation|last=Ellis|first=Alexander J.|author-link=Alexander John Ellis|date=1889|publisher=Trübner for the [[Philological Society]], the [[Early English Text Society]], and the [[New Chaucer Society|Chaucer Society]]|location=London|access-date=13 July 2024|via=Internet Archive|quote-page=641|quote=Var. iv, se.Nb. [...] This variety contains the speech of the Pitmen, and is most characteristic of Nb. But the mere writing of this speech conveys very little notion of its peculiarities of intonation, [...].The singsong and musical drawl of the pitmen must be heard to be understood. It is this variety to which the numerous dialectal books, annuals, comic stories, and songs usually refer.}}</ref>{{rp|637&ndash;641}} focusing on the region "between rivers [[River Tyne|Tyne]] and [[River Wansbeck|Wansbeck]]" and drawing on informants from [[Humshaugh]],  [[Earsdon]], and [[Backworth]].<ref name=EllisV5 />{{rp|674}} Dialect words in Northumberland and Tyneside, including many specific to the coal-mining industry, were collected by [[Richard Oliver Heslop|Oliver Heslop]] and published in two volumes in 1892 and 1894 respectively.<ref>{{cite book|title=Northumberland Words. A Glossary of Words Used in the County of Northumberland and on the Tyneside|first=Richard Oliver|last=Heslop|author-link=Richard Oliver Heslop}} [https://archive.org/details/northumberlandw01heslgoog Volume I] (A to F) (1892). Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & co. for the [[English Dialect Society]]{{snd}}via Internet Archive. [https://archive.org/stream/northumberlandw00heslgoog Volume II] (G to Z) (1894). Henry Frowde, [[Oxford University Press]] for the [[English Dialect Society]]{{snd}}via Internet Archive.</ref>

A dictionary of East Durham Pitmatic spoken in [[Hetton-le-Hole]], compiled by Rev. Francis M. T. Palgrave, was published in 1896<ref name=Palgrave>{{cite book|title=A List of Words and Phrases in Every-Day Use by the Natives of Hetton-Le-Hole in the County of Durham, Being Words not Ordinarily Accepted, or But Seldom Found in the Standard English of the Day|first=Rev. Francis Milnes Temple|last=Palgrave|date=1896|publisher=[[Oxford University Press#Henry Frowde|Henry Frowde]] for the [[English Dialect Society]]|location=London|url=https://gredos.usal.es/handle/10366/122533|format=pdf, doc|oclc=163056065|access-date=24 June 2024}} Via [https://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ The Salamanca Corpus Digital Archive of English Dialect Texts]</ref> and reprinted in 1997.<ref name=PalgraveReprint>{{cite book|title=Hetton-le-Hole Pitmatic Talk 100 Years Ago: a Dialect Dictionary of 1896|first1=Rev. Francis Milnes Temple|last1=Palgrave|first2=David (foreword)|last2=Ridley |date=1997|orig-date=1896|publisher=Johnstone-Carr|location=[[Gateshead]]|isbn=978-0-953-14020-6|oclc=41358108}}</ref> The heritage society of nearby [[Houghton-le-Spring]] produced a list of words and phrases in 2017 collected over the preceding five years.<ref name=NotMackems>{{cite web|url=http://www.houghtonlespring.org.uk/articles/pitmatic_guide_book.pdf|title=We're Not Mackems: A Pitmatic Dictionary|date=January 2017|website=Houghton-le-Spring Heritage Society|access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> [[Harold Orton]] compiled a [[text corpus|corpus]] (dataset) of dialect forms for 35 locations in Northumberland and northern Durham, known as the ''Orton Corpus''.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Kurt|last=Rydland|date=January 1992|title=The Orton Corpus. A collection of dialect material from the north-east of England|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/angl.1992.1992.110.1/html|journal=[[Anglia (journal)|Anglia. Journal of English Philology]]|volume=1992|issue=110 |pages=1{{endash}}35|doi=10.1515/angl.1992.1992.110.1|access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Orton Corpus: a Dictionary of Northumbrian Pronunciation 1928-1939|first=Kurt|last=Rydland|date=1998|publisher=[[:no:Novus forlag|Novus forlag]]|location=Oslo|isbn=978-8-270-99306-2|oclc=40847001}} Vol. 10 of ''Studia Anglistica Norvegica'', {{ISSN|0333-4791}}.</ref>

''Pit Talk in County Durham'', an illustrated, 90-page pamphlet by [[David John Douglass|Dave Douglass]], a local miner, was published in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/museums-archives-heritage/history-workshop-pamphlets-10/|title=Pit Talk in County Durham: A Glossary of Miners' Talk together with Memories of Wardley Colliery, Pit Songs and Piliking|first=Dave|last=Douglass|author-link=David John Douglass|date=1973|publisher=[[History Workshop Journal#The History Workshop movement|History Workshop]]|location=Oxford|oclc=990097|access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> In 2007, [[Bill Griffiths (poet)|Bill Griffiths]] produced a dictionary of Pitmatic where each entry includes information on a word's [[etymology]];<ref name=Griffiths2007>{{cite book|title=Pitmatic: The Talk of the North East Coalfield|first=Bill|last=Griffiths|author-link=Bill Griffiths (poet)|date=2007|publisher=[[Northumbria University]] Press|location=[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]|isbn=978-1-904-79425-7}}</ref> it was well reviewed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-07-30|title=Lost language of Pitmatic gets its lexicon|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jul/30/books.britishidentity|access-date=22 August 2021|website=The Guardian|last=Wainwright|first=Martin|quote=His new book reveals an exceptionally rich combination of borrowings from Old Norse, Dutch and a score of other languages, with inventive usages dreamed up by the miners themselves.}}</ref> In an earlier work,<ref>{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of North East Dialect|first=Bill|last=Griffiths|author-link=Bill Griffiths (poet)|date=2004|publisher=[[Northumbria University]]|location=[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]|edition=first|chapter=Historical introduction|pages=xvii{{ndash}}xviii|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnort0000grif/page/n19/mode/1up|chapter-url-access=registration|isbn=978-1-904-79406-6|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> [[Bill Griffiths (poet)|Griffiths]] cited a newspaper of 1873 for the first recorded mention of the term "pitmatical".<ref name =Chronicle1873>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Evening Chronicle#History|Newcastle Weekly Chronicle]]{{snd}}Supplement|title=Amongst the People|author=A Man on the Streets|date=19 April 1873|at=p. 4, col. 6|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000865/18730419/012/0012|url-access=registration|quote=A great many of the lads, especially from the Durham district, [...] [used] the purest 'pitmatical', shouted across the streets, [...].|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>