Editing Pitch of brass instruments (section)

===Whole tube vs half tube===
The ease with which a player produces the fundamental note of each harmonic series for each tubing length of a modern brass instrument varies with the instrument's design. As bore width increases relative to length, it becomes easier for the player to resist the instrument's tendency to jump to the second harmonic instead of producing the fundamental frequency. Brass instruments with sufficient bore to play fundamentals with relative ease and accuracy are called "whole-tube" instruments, while instruments that are limited to the second harmonic as a lowest note in practical use are called "half-tube" instruments. These terms stem from a comparison to [[organ pipe]]s, which produce the same pitch as the [[pedal tone]] (fundamental) of a brass instrument of equal length.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bombardon|volume=4|page=182|first=Kathleen |last=Schlesinger|authorlink=Kathleen Schlesinger}}</ref>

Certain low brass instruments such as [[trombone]], [[tuba]], [[euphonium]], and [[alto horn]] are [[Brass instrument#Whole-tube vs. half-tube|whole-tube]] and can play the [[Fundamental frequency|fundamental tone]] of each [[Harmonic series (music)|harmonic series]] with relative ease. Furthermore, the low brass often use extra valves to extend their range uniformly, since the fundamental is [[chromatic]]ally discontinuous with the lowest 2nd harmonic reachable on a three-valve instrument or via the seven-position slide on a trombone. Trombone and tuba in particular are often called upon to play pedal tones and "false tones" or "privileged tones" which have a pitch between the normal range and the fundamental.