Editing Pinus sylvestris (section)

== Varieties ==
[[File:Pinus sylvestris hamata Babugan.jpg|thumb|''Pinus sylvestris'' var. ''hamata'', Crimea]]

Over 100 ''Pinus sylvestris'' [[variety (botany)|varieties]] have been described in the [[botanical]] literature, but only three or four are now accepted.<ref name=tpl>{{cite web |title=The Plant List v1.1: ''Pinus sylvestris'' |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden |date=2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Pinus+sylvestris |access-date=22 March 2019 }}</ref> They differ only minimally in morphology, but with more pronounced differences in genetic analysis and [[resin]] composition. Populations in westernmost Scotland are genetically distinct from those in the rest of Scotland and northern Europe, but not sufficiently to have been distinguished as separate botanical varieties. Trees in the far north of the range were formerly sometimes treated as var. ''lapponica'', but the differences are [[Cline (biology)|clinal]] and it is not genetically distinct.<ref name=farjon /><ref name=gymno /><ref name="mirov">{{cite book |last1=Mirov |first1=N. T. |title=The Genus Pinus |date=1967 |publisher=Ronald Press Company |location=New York |oclc=712344}}</ref><ref name=pravdin>{{cite book |last=Pravdin |first=L. F. |date=1969 |orig-date=1964 |title=Scots Pine: Variation, Intraspecific Taxonomy, and Selection |publisher=Israel Program for Scientific Translations |place=Jerusalem |oclc=121486}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Langlet |first=O. |date=1959 |title=A Cline or not a Cline – a Question of Scots Pine |journal=Silvae Genetica |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=13–22 |url=https://www.thuenen.de/media/institute/fg/PDF/Silvae_Genetica/1959/Vol._8_Heft_1/08_1_13.pdf}}</ref><ref name="kinloch1986">{{cite journal |last1=Kinloch |first1=B. B. |last2=Westfall |first2=R. D. |last3=Forrest |first3=G. I. |date=1986 |title=Caledonian Scots Pine: Origins and Genetic Structure |journal=The New Phytologist |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=703–729 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00671.x |doi-access=free |jstor=2433046|pmid=33873854 |bibcode=1986NewPh.104..703K }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szmidt |first1=A. E. |last2=Wang |first2=X.-R. |date=1993 |title=Molecular systematics and genetic differentiation of ''Pinus sylvestris'' (L.) and ''P. densiflora'' (Sieb. et Zucc.) |journal=Theoretical and Applied Genetics |volume=86 |issue=2–3 |pages=159–165 |doi=10.1007/BF00222074|pmid=24193455 |s2cid=10888339 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prus-Glowacki |first1=W. |last2=Stephan |first2=B. R. |date=1994 |title=Genetic variation of ''Pinus sylvestris'' from Spain in Relation to Other European Populations |journal=Silvae Genetica |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=7–14}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goncharenko |first1=G. G. |last2=Silin |first2=A. E. |last3=Padutov |first3=V. E. |date=1995 |title=Intra- and interspecific genetic differentiation in closely related pines from ''Pinus'' subsection ''Sylvestres'' (''Pinaceae'') in the former Soviet Union |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=194 |number=1/2 |pages=39–54 |jstor=23642988 |doi=10.1007/BF00983215|bibcode=1995PSyEv.194...39G |s2cid=12560701 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sinclair |first1=W. T. |last2=Morman |first2=J. D. |last3=Ennos |first3=R. A. |date=1999 |title=The postglacial history of Scots pine (''Pinus sylvestris'' L.) in western Europe: evidence from mitochondrial DNA variation |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=83–88 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00527.x|bibcode=1999MolEc...8...83S |s2cid=84168134 }}</ref>{{excessive citations inline|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable "
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! Image !! Varieties !!Description !!  Distribution
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|[[File:Conifère Dordogne.jpg|120px]]|| ''Pinus sylvestris'' var. ''sylvestris'' {{small| L., 1753}} ||Described above. || The bulk of the range, from Scotland and Spain to central Siberia. 
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|[[File:Pinus sylvestris hamata cones Bulgaria.jpg|120px]]|| ''Pinus sylvestris'' var. ''hamata'' {{small|Steven}} ||Foliage more consistently glaucous all year, not becoming duller in winter; cones more frequently with a pyramidal apophysis. ||The Balkans, northern Turkey, Crimea, and the Caucasus. 
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|[[File:Pinus sylvestris var mongolica kz01.jpg|120px]]|| ''Pinus sylvestris'' var. ''mongolica'' {{small|Litv.}} ||Foliage duller green, shoots gray-green; leaves occasionally up to 12&nbsp;cm long. || Mongolia and adjoining parts of southern Siberia and northwestern China. 
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|[[File:Pinus-sylvestris-cone-2.jpg|120px]]|| ''Pinus sylvestris'' var. ''nevadensis''  {{small|D.H.Christ.}} ||(not considered distinct from var. ''sylvestris'' by all authors) Kalenicz. Ex Kom. Cones often with thicker scales, but doubtfully distinguishable on morphology. ||The Sierra Nevada in southern Spain and possibly other Spanish populations
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|[[File:Pinus sylvestris 2020 G2.jpg|120px]]|| ''Pinus sylvestris'' var. ''cretacea'' {{small|Kalenicz. ex Kom.}} || ||From border regions between Russia and Ukraine.<ref name="biodat">{{cite web|url=http://www.biodat.ru/db/rbp/rb.php?src=1&vid=449 |title=Красная Книга России &#124; Red Book of Russia. Pinus Sylvestris L. Var. Cretacea Kalenicz. Ex Kom |publisher=biodat.ru|access-date=21 March 2016}}</ref>
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