Editing Pietas (section)

==Iconography==
[[File:Herennia1.1.jpg|thumb|250px|Denarius of Herennius, depicting Pietas and an act of {{lang|la|Pietas}}.]]
{{lang|la|Pietas}} was represented on coin by cult objects, but also as a woman conducting a sacrifice by means of fire at an altar.{{r|Belayche|page=286}} In the imagery of sacrifice, [[libation]] was the fundamental act that came to symbolize {{lang|la|pietas}}.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Scheid|author-link=John Scheid|chapter=Sacrifices for Gods and Ancestors|title=A Companion to Roman Religion|publisher=Blackwell|year=2007|page=265|doi=10.1002/9780470690970.ch19|isbn=9781405129435|editor-first=Jörg|editor-last=Rüpke}}</ref>

{{lang|la|Pietas}} is first represented on Roman coins on {{lang|la|[[denarius|denarii]]}} issued by [[Marcus Herennius (consul 93 BC)|Marcus Herennius]] in {{BCE|108 or 107}}.{{r|Fears|page=880}} Pietas appears on the obverse as a divine [[personification]], in [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] form; the quality of {{lang|la|pietas}} is represented by a son carrying his father on his back; the symbolism of which would be echoed in [[Virgil]]'s [[Aeneid]], with [[Aeneas]] carrying his father [[Anchises]] out of the burning [[Troy]].{{r|Fears|page=880}} {{lang|la|Pietas}} is among the virtues that appear frequently on Imperial coins, including those issued under [[Hadrian]].<ref name=Fears2>{{cite book|author-link=J. Rufus Fears|last=Fears|first=J. Rufus|chapter=The Theology of Victory at Rome: Approaches and Problem|title=Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung|volume=II|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|url=https://archive.org/details/aufstiegundniede0002unse_d3s7_PT2-BD10.2|url-access=registration|editor-first1=Hildegard|editor-last1=Temporini|editor-first2=Wolfgang|editor-last2=Haase|year=1982|isbn=9783110095197 }}</ref>{{rp|813}}

One of the symbols of {{lang|la|pietas}} was the stork, described by [[Petronius]] as {{lang|la|pietaticultrix}}, "cultivator of {{lang|la|pietas}}." The [[stork]] represented filial piety in particular, as the Romans believed that it demonstrated family loyalty by returning to the same nest every year, and that it took care of its parents in old age. As such, a stork appears next to Pietas on [[:File:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius.jpg|a coin issued by Metellus Pius]] (on whose {{lang|la|cognomen}} see [[#As virtue|above]]).<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book|author=Pliny the Elder|title=Natural History|at=X.63}}
|2={{cite book|first=Anna|last=Clark|title=Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|pages=154–155}}
|3={{cite book|first=Catherine|last=Connors|title=Petronius the Poet|url=https://archive.org/details/petroniuspoetver0000conn_s5l4|url-access=registration|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|page=[https://archive.org/details/petroniuspoetver0000conn_s5l4/page/59/mode/1up 59]|isbn=9780521592314 }}
}}</ref>