Editing Physical restraint (section)

==Purpose in humans==
[[File:Inmate in martin link belly chain.jpg|alt=|thumb|Modern [[prison]] restraints including steel [[handcuffs]] and [[Belly chain (restraint)|belly chains]]]]
[[File:Fixierbett 02.jpg|thumb|A full Medical Restraint System]]
Physical restraints are used:
* primarily by [[police]] and [[prison]] authorities to obstruct delinquents and [[prisoner]]s from escaping or resisting<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelley |first1=Debbie |title="Culture of violence" in Colorado Youth Corrections includes physical restraints, solitary |url=https://gazette.com/news/culture-of-violence-in-colorado-youth-corrections-includes-physical-restraints/article_f62ec24f-4b6c-5f68-aaa6-1ef651a79cb8.html |work=The Gazette|date=2 March 2017}}</ref> [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|British Police]] [[Police officer|officers]] are authorised to use leg and arm restraints, if they have been instructed in their use. Guidelines set out by the [[Association of Chief Police Officers]] dictate that restraints are only to be used on subjects who are violent while being transported, restraining the use of their arms and legs, minimising the risk of punching and kicking. Pouches carrying restraints are usually carried on the [[Police duty belt|duty belt]], and in some cases carried in [[police van]]s.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
* to enforce [[corporal punishment]] (typically a form of [[flagellation]]) by impeding motions of the target (usually prisoner), as is still practiced in penal functions of several countries
* by specially-trained [[teacher]]s or [[teaching assistant]]s to restrain children and teenagers with severe behavioral problems or disorders like [[autism]] or [[Tourette syndrome]], to prevent hurting others or themselves
:# approximately 70% of teachers who work with students with behavioral disabilities use a type of physical restraint (Goldstein & Brooks, 2007)
:# often used in emergency situations or for [[de-escalation]] purposes (Ryan & Peterson, 2004)
:# many educators believe restraints are used to maintain the safety and order of the classroom and students, while those who oppose their use believe they are dangerous to the physical and mental health of children and may result in death (McAfee, Schwilk & Miltruski, 2006) and (Kutz, 2009).
:# [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]] has stated that "Restraints may not be used as an alternative to adequate staff" (McAfee, Schwilk & Miltruski, 2006, p. 713). Also, "restraint may be used only when aggressive behavior interferes with an individual's own ability to benefit from programming or poses physical threat to others" (McAfee, Schwilk & Miltruski, 2006, p. 713).
* by [[escapologist]]s, [[illusionist]]s and [[stunt performer]]s
* to restrain people who are suffering from involuntary physical spasms, to prevent them from hurting themselves (see [[medical restraints]])
* controversially, in [[psychiatric hospital]]s
:# restraints were developed during the 1700s by [[Philippe Pinel]] and performed with his assistant, [[Jean-Baptiste Pussin]] in hospitals in France{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
* by a [[kidnap]]per (stereotypically with rope or [[duct tape]] and a [[gag]]) or other material
* for [[Bondage (BDSM)|eroticism]]