Editing Phoenix Park (section)

==Features==
[[File:Fallow deer in Phoenix Park, Dublin 003.jpg|thumb|Fallow deer-human interaction in Phoenix Park, Dublin]]
The park is split between three civil parishes: [[Castleknock]] to the northwest, [[Chapelizod]] to the south and St James' to the east. The last-named is mainly centred south of the [[River Liffey]] around [[St. James' Church and Cemetery, Dublin|St James' parish church]]. 

===Áras an Uachtaráin===
{{main|Áras an Uachtaráin}}
The residence of the [[president of Ireland]], [[Áras an Uachtaráin]], built in 1754, is located in the park. As the Viceregal Lodge, it was the official residence of the [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] until the creation of the [[Irish Free State]] in 1922.

===Dublin Zoo===
{{main|Dublin Zoo}}
[[Dublin Zoo]] is one of Dublin's main attractions. It houses more than 700 animals and tropical birds from around the world. The [[Zoological Society of Ireland]] was established in 1830<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dublinzoo.ie/inside.asp?pageId=2&sectionId=2&level=1 |title=About the Zoo – Zoo History |publisher=[[Dublin Zoo]] |access-date=10 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421234740/http://www.dublinzoo.ie/inside.asp?pageId=2&sectionId=2&level=1 |archive-date=21 April 2009 }}</ref> "to form a collection of animals along the lines of London Zoo". It opened to the public on 1 September 1831 - making it the third oldest zoo in the world - with animals from the [[Zoological Society of London|London Society]]. Within a year the zoo housed 123 species.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kilfeather |first=Siobhán Marie |title=Dublin: a cultural history |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |pages=115–116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QWZRVAPa6sC&pg=PA115 |isbn=0-19-518201-4 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=28 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428104751/https://books.google.com/books?id=8QWZRVAPa6sC&pg=PA115 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Papal Cross<!-- [[Papal Cross, Dublin]] redirects here-->===
[[File:Deer by papal cross.jpg|thumb|[[Deer]] grazing near the Papal Cross]]
The Papal Cross at the edge of Fifteen Acres was erected as a backdrop for the outdoor [[Mass in the Catholic Church|mass]] celebrated there by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 29 September 1979, the first day of [[Pope John Paul II's visit to Ireland|his pastoral visit to Ireland]]. The congregation numbered over one million, equal to Dublin's population. The white [[Latin cross]], which dominates its surroundings, is {{convert|35|m|ft}} high and was built with steel girders. It was installed with some difficulty: after several attempts, the cross was eventually erected just a fortnight before the Pope arrived.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phoenixpark.ie/about/sightsofthepark/ |title=Sights of the Park |publisher=[[Office of Public Works]] |access-date=12 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829154849/http://www.phoenixpark.ie/about/sightsofthepark/ |archive-date=29 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> When John Paul died in 2005, devotees gathered at the Papal Cross, praying and leaving flowers and other tokens of remembrance. [[Pope Francis]] celebrated mass here on the final day of his [[Pope Francis's visit to Ireland|2018 visit to Ireland]].

===Monuments===
[[File:Phoenix Park Monument.jpg|thumb|The Phoenix Monument]]
The [[Wellington Monument, Dublin|Wellington Monument]] is a {{convert|62|m|ft}} tall [[obelisk]] commemorating the victories of the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]]. It is the largest obelisk in Europe and would have been even higher if the publicly subscribed funding had not run out. Designed by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]], there are four bronze plaques cast from cannon captured at the [[Battle of Waterloo]]—three of which have pictorial representations of Wellington's career while the fourth has an inscription at the base of the obelisk.

A second notable monument is the "Phoenix Column" (shown in the header photograph above), a [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] column carved from Portland Stone located centrally on Chesterfield Avenue, the main thoroughfare of the park, at the junction of Acres Road and the Phoenix, the main entrance to Áras an Uachtaráin.<ref name=pp_plan/> A contemporary account described it in the following terms:

<blockquote>"About the centre of the park is a fluted column thirty feet high, with a [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] on the capital, which was erected by the [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield|Earl of Chesterfield]] during his viceregality."<ref>An Accurate Observer, "Reminiscences of Half a Century", published in London (1838)</ref> (1747)</blockquote>

There is also a monument to commemorate Lord Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke, who were killed in the park by the [[Irish National Invincibles]]. It is a 60&nbsp;cm long cross, filled with a small amount of gravel and cut thinly into the grass.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-irishman-s-diary-finding-the-memorial-to-the-victims-of-the-invincibles-1.2324589 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |title=An Irishman's Diary: Finding the memorial to the victims of the Invincibles |access-date=8 January 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109113256/http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-irishman-s-diary-finding-the-memorial-to-the-victims-of-the-invincibles-1.2324589 |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:U.S. Ambassador's Residence, Phoenix Park, Dublin.jpg|thumb|Deerfield Residence is the official residence of the United States Ambassador to Ireland]]

===Deerfield Residence===
The [[Deerfield Residence]] (previously the ''Chief Secretary's Lodge''), originally built in 1776 was the former residence of the [[Chief Secretary for Ireland]] and before that was the Park Bailiff's lodge. It has been the official residence of the [[United States Ambassador to Ireland]] since February 1927, and was until the early 1960s the [[Embassy of the United States in Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ambassador's residence |publisher=Embassy of the United States: Dublin – Ireland |url=http://dublin.usembassy.gov/index/embassy-news/ambassador/ambassadors-residence2.html |access-date=27 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814130825/http://dublin.usembassy.gov/index/embassy-news/ambassador/ambassadors-residence2.html |archive-date=14 August 2010 }}</ref>

===Phoenix Park Visitor Centre and Ashtown Castle===
The oldest building in the park is [[Ashtown Castle]], a restored medieval tower house dating from the 15th century. Restoration began in 1989 and it is located beside the visitor centre which houses interpretive displays on the 5,500 years of park and area history.

===People's Gardens===
[[File:Wellington obelisk and People's Garden pond.jpg|thumb|right|Wellington obelisk and People's Garden pond]]
The gardens, located close to the Parkgate Street entrance, comprise an area of {{convert|9|ha|acre|spell=in}}, and were re-opened in 1864. These gardens were initially established in 1840 as the Promenade Grounds. They display Victorian horticulture, including ornamental lakes, children's playground, picnic area and bedding schemes. A statue is in the gardens dedicated to executed [[Easter Rising]] leader [[Seán Heuston]]. There is a plaque in honour of the Irish sculptor [[Jerome Connor]] on Infirmary Road, overlooking the gardens which he frequently visited. The opening hours are 8.00 am until dusk. Closing times vary during the year.

===Magazine Fort===
{{main|Magazine Fort}}
[[File:Dublin Irland-58.jpg|thumb|Magazine Fort in the south-east of the park]]
The [[Magazine Fort]] in the southeast of the park marks the location where Phoenix Lodge was built by Sir Edward Fisher in 1611. In 1734 the house was demolished when the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [[Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset]] directed that a powder magazine be provided for Dublin. An additional wing was added to the fort in 1801 for troops. It was the scene of the [[Christmas Raid]] in 1939.

The magazine fort has been satirically immortalised in a jingle by [[Jonathan Swift]] who wrote:

"''Now's here's a proof of Irish sense,''<br /> ''Here Irish wit is seen,''<br />
''When nothing's left that's worth defence,''<br />
''We build a Magazine''."

===Other places of interest===
[[File:Furry Glen 3Jan2015.JPG|thumb|Furry Glen, sunset, 3 January 2015]]
* In the southwestern corner of the park is an area known as the '''Furry Glen''' which has a series of short walks centred on a small lake with birds, plants and wildlife. The jay, normally a rather shy bird, is common and conspicuous here.
* State Guest House, [[Farmleigh]], adjoins the park to the northwest.
* Headquarters of the [[Garda Síochána]], the police service of Ireland, are located in the park.
* [[St. Mary's Hospital (Phoenix Park)|St. Mary's Hospital]], originally the Royal Hibernian Military School established in 1769, the building was subsequently developed as a hospital up until 1948. In 1964 the hospital became a facility for older people and today primarily provides accommodation to dependent older persons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.myhomefromhome.ie/homes/files/St-_Mary_s_Hospital-_Phoenix_Park-_Dublin_20_0.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330181056/http://www.myhomefromhome.ie/homes/files/St-_Mary_s_Hospital-_Phoenix_Park-_Dublin_20_0.pdf |archive-date=30 March 2017 |access-date=2017-03-30 |df=dmy-all}}; [http://www.ucd.ie/medicine/lifewithus/ourcampus/clinicalcampus/stmaryshospitalphoenixparkdublin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420180331/http://www.ucd.ie/medicine/lifewithus/ourcampus/clinicalcampus/stmaryshospitalphoenixparkdublin/|date=20 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[National Ambulance Service College]] is located at Saint Mary's Hospital on the Chapelizod side of the park. This building dates from 1766 and was formerly the Hibernian Military School.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170330181056/http://www.myhomefromhome.ie/homes/files/St-_Mary_s_Hospital-_Phoenix_Park-_Dublin_20_0.pdf St. Mary's Hospital]</ref> [[Ordnance Survey Ireland]] is located in Mountjoy House near the [[Castleknock]] Gate. The house was built in 1728 and was originally known as Mountjoy Barracks as it quartered the mounted escort of the Lord Lieutenant who resided in the Vice-Regal Lodge (now Áras an Uachtaráin).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osi.ie/en/alist/history.aspx |title=Ordnance Survey Ireland: A Brief History |work=[[Ordnance Survey Ireland]] |access-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804180425/http://www.osi.ie/en/alist/history.aspx |archive-date= 4 August 2011 }}</ref>
* Adjoining the park to the southeast is the [[Irish Defence Forces]]' [[McKee Barracks]]. Built in 1888 as Marlborough Barracks it once housed 822 military horses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dublincity.ie/dublin-buildings/mckee-barracks |title=McKee Barracks |publisher=[[Dublin City Council]] |access-date=28 November 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130211517/http://www.dublincity.ie/dublin-buildings/mckee-barracks |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Ratra House at the back of the Aras, was the home of Civil Defence Ireland since the organisation was established in 1950 until 2006 when the headquarters was decentralised to Roscrea, County Tipperary. Named Ratra House by the first president of Ireland, [[Douglas Hyde]], who retired to the house in 1945 from his presidency. He named it after his native Ratra Park in Frenchpark, County Roscommon where he had done much of his writing. Built in 1876, [[Winston Churchill]] lived there from age two to six.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civildefence.ie/cdweb.nsf/documents/AEEB06284977F81C80256E8A003C631F |title=Ratra House – A Brief History |work=Civil Defence Ireland |access-date=22 January 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122151812/http://www.civildefence.ie/cdweb.nsf/documents/AEEB06284977F81C80256E8A003C631F|archive-date=22 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Grangegorman Military Cemetery]] lies just outside the walls of the park on Blackhorse Avenue.
* The park also contains several sports grounds for [[Gaelic football|football]], [[hurling]], soccer, [[cricket]] and [[polo]].
* [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemian Football Club]] was founded in the Gate Lodge beside the North Circular Road entrance in 1890. The club played its first games in the park's Polo Grounds.
* At Conyngham Road, near the [[South Circular Road (Dublin)|South Circular Road]] junction, the regular wall takes on an unusual arch shape before levelling out again. This marks the point where the [[Liffey Bridge (Phoenix Park Tunnel)|Liffey Bridge]] enters the park via a [[Phoenix Park Tunnel|rail tunnel]] that continues on beneath the Wellington Monument. It is used regularly for [[Train#Freight trains|goods traffic]] and [[Train#Passenger trains|Passenger services]]. It was used during the Second World War for storing emergency supplies of food.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/an-irishman-s-diary-the-phoenix-park-rail-tunnel-1.2159067 |title=An Irishman's Diary: The Phoenix Park rail tunnel |last=Oram |first=Hugh |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=2019-12-23 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323115836/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/an-irishman-s-diary-the-phoenix-park-rail-tunnel-1.2159067 |url-status=live }}</ref> Iarnród Éireann opened the tunnel for commuter train traffic on 21 November 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/train-services-to-start-using-phoenix-park-tunnel-next-week-1.2867661 |title=Train services to start using Phoenix Park tunnel next week |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=2016-11-15 |archive-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115142246/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/train-services-to-start-using-phoenix-park-tunnel-next-week-1.2867661 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Phoenix Park, Dublin 8.jpg|thumb|upright|A lake in Dublin's Phoenix Park]]