Editing Phillips Academy (section)

=== Revolutionary-era beginnings ===
[[File:Phillips Academy, Andover, MA - Samuel Phillips Hall.JPG|thumb|270px|A view of Samuel Phillips Hall|left]]Phillips Academy is the oldest incorporated academy in the United States.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Phillips Academy (school, Andover, Massachusetts, United States) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456592/Phillips-Academy |access-date=March 28, 2012}}</ref> It was established in 1778 by [[Samuel Phillips Jr.]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allis Jr. |first=Frederick S. |title=Youth from Every Quarter: A Bicentennial History of Phillips Academy, Andover |publisher=University Press of New England |year=1979 |location=Hanover, NH |pages=48–51}}</ref> a local businessman who hoped to educate [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] students for the ministry.<ref>Allis, p. 55.</ref>

The [[American Revolutionary War]] had caused significant upheaval to education in New England, and Phillips Academy filled part of that gap. (For example, [[Boston Latin School]] shut down during the war because its headmaster John Lovell, a [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]], fled to British Canada after the [[Siege of Boston|fall of Boston]] in 1776.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BLS History |url=https://www.bls.org/apps3/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=206116&type=d |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=www.bls.org |language=en}}</ref>) The founders of Phillips Academy were strongly associated with the [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriot]] cause. Samuel Phillips and [[Eliphalet Pearson]] (later Andover's first head of school) manufactured gunpowder for the Continental Army,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Address at the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. {{!}} The American Presidency Project |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-the-one-hundred-and-fiftieth-anniversary-phillips-academy-andover-mass |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu}}</ref><ref>Allis, pp. 32-33.</ref> and the founders attempted to stock Andover's library with books confiscated from Loyalist families who had fled New England.<ref>Allis, p. 58.</ref>

Several prominent Revolutionary figures maintained links with the academy, including [[George Washington]] (who personally visited the academy while president in 1789;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fuess |first1=Claude Moore |author-link=Claude Fuess |title=An Old New England School: A History of Phillips Academy Andover |date=1917 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |location=Boston and New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/anoldnewenglands00fuesrich/page/106 106]–7 |url=https://archive.org/details/anoldnewenglands00fuesrich |access-date=26 November 2018 |chapter=Pemberton, The Polite}}</ref> eight of his nephews and grandnephews attended Andover<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1928-05-28 |title=Education: At Andover |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,785996,00.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |magazine=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}}</ref>), [[John Hancock]] (who signed the academy's articles of incorporation), and [[Paul Revere]] (who designed the academy seal). Revere's design of the academy seal incorporated a beehive, crops, the sun, and the academy's two mottos: ''Non Sibi'' ("not for oneself") and ''Finis Origine Pendet'' ("the end depends upon the beginning").<ref name="PA-Seal-Motto">{{cite web |title=Seal & Motto |url=https://www.andover.edu/About/PAHistory/Pages/SealandMotto.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910173716/http://www.andover.edu/About/PAHistory/Pages/SealandMotto.aspx |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |access-date=October 8, 2015 |work=Phillips Academy Andover Website |publisher=Phillips Academy}}</ref> Other mottos include ''Youth from Every Quarter'' and ''Knowledge and Goodness'', two paraphrases from the academy constitution.<ref name=":16" />

In 1828, all-boys Phillips Academy was joined by a sister school, '''[[Abbot Academy]]'''. Abbot was one of the first secondary schools for girls in New England.<ref>{{cite web |date=1979 |title=A singular school : Abbot Academy, 1828-1973 |url=https://archive.org/stream/singularschoolab00lloy/singularschoolab00lloy_djvu.txt |access-date=August 25, 2014 |publisher=University Press of New England}}</ref> Although the academies had neighboring campuses in the town of Andover, their administrations sought to limit and regulate contact between the student bodies.<ref>Allis, pp. 280, 434-35.</ref> The two academies merged in 1973.