Editing Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (section)

==Youth==
[[File:Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg|thumb|left|The 10-year-old Duke of Chartres in red on the right; the scene depicts the ''[[Doge of Genoa]] at [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]] on 15 May 1685''.]]
Philippe Charles d'Orléans was born at the [[Château de Saint-Cloud]], some ten kilometers west of Paris. As the grandson of King [[Louis XIII of France]], Philippe was a ''[[petit-fils de France]]''. This entitled him to the [[style (manner of address)|style]] of ''[[Royal Highness]]'' from birth, as well as the right to be seated in an armchair in the king's presence.<ref name="brother">Nancy Nicholas Barker, ''Brother to the Sun king:Philippe, Duke of Orléans'', p. 1.</ref>

At his birth, he was titled [[Duke of Chartres]] and was formally addressed as ''Monseigneur le Duc de Chartres''. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.<ref name=Pevitt>{{cite book|last=Pevitt|first=Christine|title=Philippe, Duc d'Orléans: Regent of France|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|location=London|year=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pev|url-access=registration|isbn=0-87113-695-3|oclc=1150973261|via=the Internet Archive}}</ref>{{rp|[https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pevi/page/9 9]}}

Philippe was born fourth in [[order of succession|line to the throne]], coming after [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661–1711)|Louis, Dauphin of France]], his own father, and his older brother. When Philippe was born, his uncle Louis XIV was at the height of his power.

In 1676, his older brother the Duke of Valois died at the [[Palais-Royal]] in Paris, making Philippe the new heir to the House of Orléans; the future heirs of the family would be known as Duke of Chartres (''Duc de Chartres'') for the next century. The distraught mother of Philippe was pregnant at the time with [[Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans]] (1676–1744), future Duchess and regent of Lorraine. Élisabeth Charlotte and Philippe would always remain close.<ref>Fraser, Antonia, ''Love and Louis XIV'', Anchor Books, 2006, p. 134.</ref>[[File:Philippe, duc d'Orléans, Régent de France - Versailles MV 4300.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Philippe c. 1678]]

The Duke of Chartres grew up at his father's "private" court at Saint-Cloud and in Paris at the Palais-Royal, the Parisian residence of the Orléans family until the arrest of [[Philippe Égalité]] (his grandson) in April 1793, during the [[French Revolution]].<ref>At the time of Philippe's birth, the Palais-Royal was only occupied by the Dukes of Orléans as a grace and favour residence; it was later given to Philippe when he married Louis XIV's illegitimate daughter ''Mademoiselle de Blois'' in 1692.</ref> The Palais-Royal was frequented by, among others, [[Marie Anne Mancini]], Duchess of Bouillon, part of Philippe's father's libertine circle.