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==Reign== After marrying Joan I of Navarre, and becoming Philip I of Navarre, Philip ascended the French throne at the age of 17. He was crowned as King on 6 January 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was determined to strengthen the [[French monarchy|monarchy]] at any cost. He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. To the public he kept aloof, and left specific policies, especially unpopular ones, to his ministers; as such he was compared to a "useless owl" by Bishop Saisset. Others like William of Nogaret idealized him, praising him for his piety and support of the Church.{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=29}} His reign marks the transition to a more centralized administration, characterized by the emergence or consolidation of the [[Conseil du Roi|King's Council]], the [[Parlement]] and the [[Court of Auditors (France)|Court of Auditors]], a move, under a certain historical reading, towards modernity.
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