Editing Philately (section)

==History==
===Nineteenth century===
As a collection field, philately appeared after the introduction of the postage stamps in 1840,<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last= Vladinets|first= N. I.|year = 1988|title= Great Philatelic Dictionary|publisher= Radio and communications|pages= 280|isbn= 5-256-00175-2|url=http://fmus.ru/article02/BS/bs.html|access-date = 2020-01-17|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="Ilyushin">{{cite book|last= Ilyushin|first= A.S.|year= 1988|title= Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius|publisher=The company "Cyril and Methodius"|location=Moscow|url=https://megabook.ru/article/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F|access-date = 2020-01-17|language=ru}}</ref> but did not gain large attraction until the mid-1850s. In the U.S., early collectors of stamps were known as "stamp gatherers". The [[United States Post Office Department]] re-issued stamps in 1875 due to public demand for 'old stamps', including those from before the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="US Classics">''A Sharp Eye on collecting US Classics'' (Sharp Photography Publications, 2021) ASIN B091MBTGJ7 [[:File:A Sharp Eye on collecting US Classics.pdf|(read online)]]</ref> Some authors<ref name="Ilyushin"/> believe that the first philatelist appeared on the day of the release of the world's first postage stamp, dated to 6 May 1840, when the Liverson, Denby and Lavie London [[Law firm|law office]] sent a letter to [[Scotland]] [[Franking|franked]] with ten uncut [[Penny Black]]s, stamped with the [[postmark]] "LS.6MY6. 1840." In 1992 at an auction in [[Zürich]], this envelope was sold for 690,000 [[Swiss franc|francs]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Novosylov V. А.|date=2008-11-03|url=http://www.mirmarok.ru/prim/view_article/209/|title=The birth of a postage stamp|work=Acquaintance with philately:The world of philately|publisher=The world of st@mps; Union of philatelists of Russia|location=Smolensk|access-date=2020-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109234936/http://mirmarok.ru/prim/view_article/209/|url-status=live|archive-date=2012-01-09}}</ref>

Already in 1846, cases of collecting stamps in large numbers were known in [[England]]. However, without reason for collection, stamps at this time were used for pasting wallpaper. The first philatelist is considered to be a postmaster going by the name Mansen, who lived in [[Paris]], and in 1855 had sold his collection, which contained almost all the postage stamps issued by that time. The stamp merchant and second-hand book dealer Edard de Laplante bought it, recognizing the definitive collector's worth of the postage stamp.<ref>[[Philatelic calendar]] for 1973. — М: Connection, 1972. — 16—22 July.</ref> Due to the boom in popularity and news of this transaction, stamp merchants like Laplante began to emerge.

Towards the end of the 19th century, stamp collecting reached hundreds of thousands of people of all classes. Some countries had collections of [[postage stamp]]s – for example, England, [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bulgaria]]. In countries which held national collections, museums dedicated to the nation's history with philately were founded, and the first such appeared in Germany, France, and Bulgaria. Allegedly, the first of these museums housed the collection of the [[British Museum]], curated by MP [[Thomas Tapling]] and bequeathed to the Museum in 1891. The Museum für Kommunikation Berlin also had an extensive collection of stamps. The largest private collection of the time belonged to [[Philipp von Ferrary]] in Paris.<ref name="Ilyushin"/>

As the number of postage stamp issues increased every year, collection became progressively difficult. Therefore, from the early 1880s, "collector experts" appeared, specializing their collection to only one part of the world, a group of nations, or even only one.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Philately {{!}} hobby|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/philately|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

===Twentieth century===
[[File:USSR stamp 1960 CPA 2424.jpg|thumb|1960 Soviet stamp marking Collectors' Day: "Philately serves the friendship of peoples."]]
Philately as one of the most popular types of collecting continued to develop in the 20th century. Along with the "[[Scott catalogue|Scott]]", "[[Stanley Gibbons catalogue|Stanley Gibbons]]", and "[[Yvert et Tellier]]" catalogs, the "[[Zumstein catalog|Zumstein]]" (first published in Switzerland, 1909), and the [[Michel catalog|"Michel"]] (first published in Germany, 1910) catalogs began publication.

In 1934, the idea to celebrate an annual Postage Stamp Day was suggested by Hans von Rudolphi, a German philatelist.<ref>[http://www.tag-der-briefmarke.com/index.php?id=29 Biography] Hans von Rudolphi [http://www.tag-der-briefmarke.com/ «Tag der Briefmarke.org».]{{in lang|de}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.tag-der-briefmarke.com/index.php?id=29 |title=Archived|access-date=2008-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925100400/http://www.tag-der-briefmarke.com/index.php?id=29 |archive-date=2008-09-25}}</ref> The idea was adopted rapidly in Germany, and gained later adoption in other countries. '''Stamp Day''' is a memorial day established by the postal administration of a country and annually celebrated, which is designed to attract public attention to, popularize the use of, and expand the reach of postal correspondence, and contribute to the development of philately.<ref name="Ilyushin"/> In 1968, [[Cuba]] dedicated a postage stamp for Stamp Day with an image of G. Sciltian's  "El filatelista".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/468764-G_Sciltian_El_filatelista-Stamp_Day-Cuba|title=G. Sciltian "El filatelista"|website=Colnect.com|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>

In 1926, the [[Fédération Internationale de Philatélie]] (FIP) was founded, where international philatelic exhibitions have been regularly organized since 1929.<ref name="Ilyushin"/> The first World Philatelic Exhibition in Prague was held between August and September 1962;<ref>''Bernhard K.'' Forum of philatelists of the globe // Soviet collector. — М: Connection publisher, 1963. — P. 42—48.</ref> in 1976, the FIP brought together national societies from 57 countries, which held over 100 exhibitions, and in 1987, over 60 countries entered the FIP.<ref name=Ilyushin />

Since the middle of the 20th century, philately has become the most widespread field of amateur collecting, which was facilitated by:<ref name="Britannica" />

* significantly expanded postal exchanges between countries,
* many countries' post offices issuing:
** [[Cinderella stamp]]s,
** [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative]] emissions,
** multicolor series of stamps devoted to history, the most important events of our time, art, fauna, flora, sports, etc. .;
** individual stamps, [[Miniature sheet|sheets]] (a sheet with one or more printed stamps and inscription on the margins) and items intended specifically for philatelists;
* widespread sale of collection signs of postage (including commissioned ones), albums, [[stockbook]]s and other items of philately;
* publication of stamp catalogs;
* national and international exhibitions organized by philatelic societies, domestic and international exchanges, philately [[propaganda]] through specialized magazines and other [[Periodical literature|periodicals]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Leon Norman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ms1aAAAAYAAJ&q=philately|title=Fundamentals of Philately|last2=Williams|first2=Maurice|date=1958|publisher=American Philatelic Society|language=en}}</ref>

Philately magazines, at this time, were published as far east as Poland, and as far west as North America. In Canada, [https://canadianstampnews.com/ ''Canadian Stamp News''] was established in 1976 as an off-shoot to [https://canadiancoinnews.com/ ''Canadian Coin News''], which was launched about a decade earlier.

Philately was largely advanced by the USSR and nations within its sphere of influence, and the United States, France, the UK, and Austria. The [[British Library Philatelic Collections]] and the postal museums in [[Stockholm]], [[Paris]], and [[Bern]] had unique national philately collections at that time, and among the famous private collections are those of the [[Royal Philatelic Collection]], F. Ferrari (Austria),<ref name="Ilyushin" /> [[Maurice Burrus|M. Burrus]] (Switzerland), [[Alfred Lichtenstein (philatelist)|A. Lichtenstein]], [[Arthur Hind (industrialist)|A. Hind]], [[John Robert Boker Jr.|J. Boker]] (U.S.), and [[Hiroyuki Kanai|H. Kanai]] ([[Japan]]).

In the mid-1970s, national philately organizations and associations existed in most countries, and 150–200 million people were involved in philately during meetings established.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sundararaj|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Z9OjwEACAAJ|title=Philately: The Art of Stamp Collection|date=2015-08-15|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=978-1-5170-1465-0|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

===Twenty-first century===
From 28 August to 1 September 2004, the World Stamp Championship was held for the first time in the history of world philately in Singapore.<ref>''Strygin A.'' [http://www.ng.ru/collection/2004-09-24/22_championship.html] Pictures from the exhibition. The first world stamp championship] // Independent newspaper. — 2004. — № 206 (3319). — 24 September.</ref>