Editing Pharaoh (section)

== Functions ==
{{Main|Functions of the Pharaoh}}
{{Unsourced section|date=August 2024}}
[[File:seated Statue of Hatshepsut MET Hatshepsut2012.jpg|right|thumb|[[Hatshepsut]] was the fifth pharaoh of the [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Eighteenth Dynasty]] and one the few women pharaohs in Ancient Egypt]]
As a central figure of the state, the pharaoh was the obligatory intermediary between the gods and humans. To the former, he ensured the proper performance of rituals in the [[Egyptian temple|temples]]; to the latter, he guaranteed agricultural prosperity, the defense of the territory and impartial justice.

In the sanctuaries, the image of the sovereign is omnipresent through parietal scenes and [[statue]]s. In this [[iconography]], the pharaoh is invariably represented as the equal of the gods. In the religious speech, he is however only their humble servant, a zealous servant who makes multiple offerings. This piety expresses the hope of a just return of service. Filled with goods, the gods must favorably activate the forces of nature for a common benefit to all Egyptians. The only human being admitted to dialogue with the gods on an equal level, the Pharaoh was the supreme officiant; the first of the priests of the country. More widely, the pharaonic gesture covered all the fields of activity of the collective and ignored the [[separation of powers]]. Also, every member of the administration acts only in the name of the royal person, by delegation of power.

From the ''[[Pyramid Texts]]'', the political actions of the sovereign were framed by a single maxim: "Bring [[Maat]] and repel [[Isfet (Egyptian mythology)|Isfet]]", that is to say, promote harmony and repel chaos. As the nurturing father of the people, the Pharaoh ensured prosperity by calling upon the gods to regulate the waters of the [[Nile]], by opening the granaries in case of famine and by guaranteeing a good distribution of arable land. Chief of the armies, the pharaoh was the brave protector of the borders. Like [[Ra]] who fights the serpent [[Apep|Apophis]], the king of Egypt repels the plunderers of the desert, fights the invading armies and defeats the internal rebels. The Pharaoh was always the sole victor; standing up and knocking out a bunch of prisoners or shooting arrows from his battle [[chariot]]. As the only legislator, the laws and decrees he promulgated were seen as inspired by divine wisdom. This legislation, kept in the archives and placed under the responsibility of the [[Vizier (Ancient Egypt)|vizier]], applied to all, for the common good and social agreement.