Editing Peter Ustinov (section)

==Career==
[[File:Peter Ustinov 2.jpg|right|thumb|Ustinov as [[Nero]] in ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951)]]

Ustinov appeared in ''White Cargo'' at the [[Aylesbury]] Rep in 1939, where he performed in a different accent every night.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYOPQgAACAAJ|title=Exit through the fireplace: the great days of the rep|last=Dunn|first=Kate|date=1998|publisher=J. Murray|isbn=978-0-7195-5475-9|location=London|oclc=50667637}}</ref> He served as a [[Private (rank)|private]] in the [[British Army]] during the Second World War, including time spent as [[Batman (military)|batman]] to [[David Niven]] while writing the Niven film ''[[The Way Ahead]]''. The difference in their ranks{{mdashb}}Niven was a [[lieutenant-colonel]] and Ustinov a private{{mdashb}}made their regular association militarily impossible; to solve the problem, Ustinov was appointed as Niven's batman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1260975.stm|title=Obituary: Sir Peter Ustinov|date=29 March 2004|work=BBC News|access-date=13 November 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> He also appeared in propaganda films, debuting in ''[[One of Our Aircraft Is Missing]]'' (1942), in which he was required to deliver lines in English, Latin and Dutch. In 1944, under the auspices of [[Entertainments National Service Association<!-- |ENSA -->]], he presented and performed the role of Sir Anthony Absolute, in [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan|Sheridan's]] ''[[The Rivals]]'', with [[Dame Edith Evans]], at the theatre in [[Larkhill| Larkhill Camp]], Wiltshire, England.

After the war, he began writing; his first major success was with the play ''[[The Love of Four Colonels]]'' (1951). He starred with [[Humphrey Bogart]] and [[Aldo Ray]] in ''[[We're No Angels (1955 film)|We're No Angels]]'' (1955). His career as a dramatist continued, his best-known{{clarify|presumably, this means something like "most widely performed" or "most commercially successful"|date=April 2018}} play being ''[[Romanoff and Juliet (play)|Romanoff and Juliet]]'' (1956). His film roles include Roman emperor [[Nero]] in ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), [[Lentulus Batiatus]] in ''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (1960), Captain Blackbeard in the [[Disney]] film ''[[Blackbeard's Ghost]]'' (1968), and an old man surviving a totalitarian future in ''[[Logan's Run (film)|Logan's Run]]'' (1976). Ustinov voiced the [[anthropomorphic]] lions [[John, King of England|Prince John]] and [[Richard I of England|King Richard]] in the 1973 [[Disney]] animated film ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]''. He also worked on several films as writer and occasionally director, including ''[[The Way Ahead]]'' (1944), ''[[School for Secrets]]'' (1946), ''[[Hot Millions]]'' (1968), and ''[[Memed, My Hawk (film)|Memed, My Hawk]]'' (1984).

[[File:פיטר יוסטינוב וסר ג׳ון גילגוד בסרט מפגש עם המוות.jpg|thumb| Ustinov (left) as Hercule Poirot with [[John Gielgud]] in ''[[Appointment with Death (film)|Appointment with Death]]'' (1988)]]
In half a dozen films, he played [[Agatha Christie]]'s detective [[Hercule Poirot]], first in ''[[Death on the Nile (1978 film)|Death on the Nile]]'' (1978) and then in 1982's ''[[Evil Under the Sun (1982 film)|Evil Under the Sun]]'', 1985's ''[[Thirteen at Dinner (film)|Thirteen at Dinner]]'' (TV movie), 1986's ''[[Dead Man's Folly (film)|Dead Man's Folly]]'' (TV movie), 1986's ''[[Murder in Three Acts]]'' (TV movie), and 1988's ''[[Appointment with Death (film)|Appointment with Death]]''.

[[File:Peter Ustinov (12172645613).jpg|thumb|right|Ustinov {{circa|1960}}]]
[[File:Peter Ustinov.jpg|thumb|Ustinov in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960)]]

[[File:Charlie Chaplin, echtgenote Oona O'Neill en Peter Ustinov, Bestanddeelnr 917-8950.jpg|right|thumb|[[Oona O'Neill]], [[Charlie Chaplin|Charles Chaplin]], and Ustinov in 1965]]
[[File:Peter Ustinov black & white Allan Warren.jpg|upright|thumb|{{center|Ustinov in 1986}}]]Ustinov won Academy Awards for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for his roles in ''Spartacus'' (1960) and ''[[Topkapi (film)|Topkapi]]'' (1964). He also won a Golden Globe award for Best Supporting Actor for the film ''Quo Vadis'' (he set the Oscar and Globe statuettes up on his desk as if playing doubles tennis; the game was a love of his life, as was ocean yachting). Ustinov was also the winner of three Emmys and one Grammy and was nominated for two Tony Awards.

During the 1960s, with the encouragement of [[Georg Solti|Sir Georg Solti]], Ustinov directed several operas, including [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]'s ''[[Gianni Schicchi]]'', [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]]'s ''[[L'heure espagnole]]'', [[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg]]'s ''[[Erwartung]]'', and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s ''[[The Magic Flute]]''. Further demonstrating his great talent and versatility in the theatre, Ustinov later undertook set and costume design for ''[[Don Giovanni]]''. In 1962 he adapted [[Louis O. Coxe]] and [[Robert Chapman (playwright)|Robert H. Chapman]]'s critically successful Broadway play ''[[Billy Budd (play)|Billy Budd]]'' [[Billy Budd (film)|into a film]]; penning the screenplay, producing, directing, and starring as Captain Vere.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Screen: 'Billy Budd':Ustinov Produces and Directs Adaptation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/31/archives/the-screen-billy-buddustinov-produces-and-directs-adaptation.html|author=Bosley Crowther|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=31 October 1962}}</ref> In 1968, he was elected the first [[rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two consecutive three-year terms.

His autobiography, ''[[Dear Me (book)|Dear Me]]'' (1977), was well received and had him describe his life (ostensibly his childhood) while being interrogated by his own ego, with forays into philosophy, theatre, fame, and self-realisation. From 1969 until his death, his acting and writing took second place to his work on behalf of [[UNICEF]], for which he was a goodwill ambassador and fundraiser. In this role, he visited some of the neediest children and made use of his ability to make people laugh, including many of the world's most disadvantaged children. "Sir Peter could make anyone laugh", UNICEF Executive Director Carol Bellamy is quoted as saying.<ref>{{cite news|title=UNICEF mourns death of Goodwill Ambassador Sir Peter Ustinov|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/media_20193.html|publisher=UNICEF|date=28 November 2017}}</ref> On 31 October 1984, Ustinov was due to interview [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Indira Gandhi]] for [[RTÉ|Irish television]]. She was [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] on her way to the meeting.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Terror in the mind of God: the global rise of religious violence|last=Juergensmeyer|first=Mark|date=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-93061-2|edition=3rd|location=Berkeley|oclc=779141234}}</ref>

Ustinov served as president of the [[World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy|World Federalist Movement (WFM)]] from 1991 until his death. He once said, "World government is not only possible, it is inevitable, and when it comes, it will appeal to patriotism in its truest, in its only sense, the patriotism of men who love their national heritages so deeply that they wish to preserve them in safety for the common good".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wfm.org/site/index.php/pages/673|title=President|website=World Federalist Movement|via=[[Wayback Machine]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029022410/http://www.wfm.org/site/index.php/pages/673|archive-date=29 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (British TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' on two occasions, in November 1977 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at [[Pinewood Studios]] on the set of ''Death on the Nile''. He was surprised again in December 1994, when [[Michael Aspel]] approached him at the United Nations headquarters in Geneva. A car enthusiast since the age of four, he owned a succession of interesting machines ranging from a [[Fiat 500 "Topolino"|Fiat Topolino]], several [[Lancia]]s, a [[Hispano-Suiza]], a [[preselector gearbox]] [[Delage]], and a special-bodied [[Jowett Jupiter]]. He made records like Phoney Folklore that included the song of the Russian peasant "whose tractor had betrayed him" and his "Grand Prix of Gibraltar" was a vehicle for his creative wit and ability at car-engine sound effects and voices.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

He spoke English, French, Spanish, Italian, German and Russian fluently, as well as some Turkish and modern Greek. He was proficient in accents and dialects in all his languages. Ustinov provided his own German and French dubbing for some of his roles, both of them for ''[[Lorenzo's Oil]]''. As [[Hercule Poirot]], he provided his own voice for the French versions of ''[[Thirteen at Dinner (film)|Thirteen at Dinner]]'', ''[[Dead Man's Folly (film)|Dead Man's Folly]]'', ''[[Murder in Three Acts]]'', ''[[Appointment with Death (film)|Appointment with Death]]'', and ''[[Evil Under the Sun (1982 film)|Evil under the Sun]]'', but unlike [[Jane Birkin]], who had dubbed herself in French for this film and ''Death on the Nile'', Ustinov did not provide his voice for the latter (his French voice being provided by [[Roger Carel]], who had already dubbed him in ''Spartacus'' and other films). He dubbed himself in German as Poirot only in ''Evil under the Sun'' (his other Poirot roles being undertaken by three actors). However, he provided only his English and German voices for [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]]'s ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' and [[NBC]]'s ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.synchronkartei.de/darsteller/441|title=Deutsche Synchronkartei – Darsteller – Sir Peter Ustinov|website=www.synchronkartei.de}}</ref>

In the 1960s, he became a Swiss resident. He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1990 and was appointed [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of [[Durham University]] in 1992, having previously been elected as the first [[Rector (academia)|rector]] of the [[University of Dundee]] in 1968 (a role in which he moved from being merely a figurehead to taking on a political role, negotiating with student protesters).<ref>{{cite book|title=University Education in Dundee 1881–1981 A Pictorial History|last=Shafe|first=Michael|publisher=[[University of Dundee]]|year=1982|location=Dundee|page=205|asin=B00178Z2BG|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Ustinov was re-elected to the post for a second three-year term in 1971, narrowly beating [[Michael Parkinson]] after a disputed recount.<ref name=Archives>{{cite web|title=Rectorial Elections|url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2010/02/rectorial-elections.html|work=Archives, Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee|publisher=[[University of Dundee]]|access-date=20 August 2016|date=15 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Baxter|first=Kenneth|title=A Dundee Celebration|year=2007|publisher=University of Dundee|location=Dundee|page=32|display-authors=etal}}</ref> He received an honorary doctorate from the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]].
[[File:Oliver Mark - Peter Ustinov, Berlin 2003.jpg|thumb|Peter Ustinov photographed by [[Oliver Mark]], Berlin 2003]]
Ustinov was a frequent defender of the Chinese government, stating in an address to Durham University in 2000, "People are annoyed with the Chinese for not respecting more human rights. But with a population that size it's very difficult to have the same attitude to human rights."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0001811/quotes|title=Peter Ustinov: Quotes|website=IMDb|language=en|access-date=13 November 2018}} {{unreliable source?|date=April 2020}}</ref> In 2003, Durham's postgraduate college (previously known as the Graduate Society) was renamed [[Ustinov College]]. Ustinov went to [[Berlin]] on a UNICEF mission in 2002 to visit the circle of [[United Buddy Bears]] that promote a more peaceful world between nations, cultures, and religions for the first time. He was determined to ensure that [[Iraq]] would also be represented in this circle of about 140 countries. Ustinov also presented and narrated the official video review of the [[1987 Formula One season]] and narrated the documentary series ''Wings of the Red Star''. In 1988, he hosted a live television broadcast entitled ''The Secret Identity of Jack the Ripper''. Ustinov gave his name to the Foundation of the [[International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] for their [[Sir Peter Ustinov Television Scriptwriting Award]], given annually to a young television screenwriter.