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=== Umbrians and Etruscans === Perugia was an [[Umbri]]an settlement<ref name="Britannica">Perugia (2007). In ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved May 21, 2007, from [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9059376 Encyclopædia Britannica Online]</ref> but first appears in written history as ''[[Perusia]]'', one of the 12 [[Etruscan civilization#Etruscan League|confederate]] cities of [[Etruria]];<ref name="Britannica"/> it was first mentioned in [[Quintus Fabius Pictor|Q. Fabius Pictor's]] account, used by [[Livy]], of the expedition carried out against the [[Etruscan civilization#Etruscan League|Etruscan League]] by [[Fabius Maximus Rullianus]]<ref>"How much of his glory is due to his kinsman, Fabius Pictor, the first historian of Rome, or to the family legends, which found in Etruria the most fitting scene for the exploits of the [[Fabius|great Fabian house]], we cannot tell" (Walter W. How and Henry Devenish Leigh, ''A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar'' London: Longmans, Green 1898:112).</ref> in 310 or 309 BC. At that time a thirty-year ''[[Truce|indutiae]]'' (truce) was agreed upon;<ref>Livy ix.37.12).</ref> however, in 295 Perusia took part in the [[Samnite Wars|Third Samnite War]] and was forced, with Volsinii and Arretium ([[Arezzo]]), to sue for peace in the following year.<ref>Livy ix.30.1–2, 31.1–3; ''indutiae'' with [[Volsinii]], Perusia and Arretium, ix.37.4–5.</ref>
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