Editing People's Action Party (section)

===Formation===
The PAP was officially registered as a political party on 21 November 1954. [[Convenors]] of the party include a group of trade unionists, lawyers and journalists such as Lee Kuan Yew, [[Abdul Samad Ismail]], [[Toh Chin Chye]], [[Devan Nair]], [[S. Rajaratnam]], Chan Chiaw Thor, [[Fong Swee Suan]], Tann Wee Keng and [[Rajah & Tann|Tann Wee Tiong]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19541024-1.2.55|title=Nine Form New Political Party in Singapore|date=24 October 1954|work=The Straits Times|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=17 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817151523/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19541024-1.2.55|url-status=live}}</ref> The political party was led by Lee Kuan Yew as its secretary-general, with Toh Chin Chye as its founding chairman. Other party officers include Tann Wee Tiong, Lee Gek Seng, [[Ong Eng Guan]] and Tann Wee Keng.<ref>{{cite news|title=The PAP bosses|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550712-1.2.133|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=12 July 1955|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118011740/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550712-1.2.133|url-status=live}}</ref>

The PAP first contested the [[1955 Singaporean general election|1955 general election]] in which 25 of 32 seats in the legislature were up for election. In this election, the PAP's four candidates gained much support from the trade union members and student groups such as the [[University Socialist Club]], who canvassed for them.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Men in White: The Untold Story of Singapore's Ruling Political Party.. ISBN|last1=Yap|first1=Sonny|last2=Richard|first2=Lim|last3=Weng|first3=K. Leong|publisher=Straits Times Press|year=2010|isbn=978-9814266512|location=Singapore|pages=54}}</ref> The party won three seats, one by its leader [[Lee Kuan Yew]] for the Tanjong Pagar division and one by PAP co-founder [[Lim Chin Siong]] for the [[Bukit Timah]] division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/c8a3566b-5380-11e4-859c-0050568939ad|title=Elected into the Legislative Assembly were (from left) …|date=3 April 1955|website=National Archives of Singapore|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818011532/http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/c8a3566b-5380-11e4-859c-0050568939ad|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550403-1.2.10|title=The Results|date=3 April 1955|work=The Straits Times|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012358/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550403-1.2.10|url-status=live}}</ref> Then 22 years old unionist Lim Chin Siong was and remained the youngest Assemblyman ever to be elected to office. The election was won by the [[Labour Front]] headed by [[David Marshall (Singaporean politician)|David Marshall]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550403-1.2.2|title=Labour Wins – Marshal Will Be Chief Minister|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818014002/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550403-1.2.2|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 1956, Lim and Lee represented the PAP at the [[Merdeka|London Constitutional Talks]] along with Chief Minister [[David Marshall (Singaporean politician)|David Marshall]] which ended in failure as the British declined to grant Singapore [[Self-governance of Singapore|internal self-government]]. On 7 June 1956, Marshall, disappointed with the constitutional talks, stepped down as Chief Minister as he had pledged to do so earlier if self-governance was not achieved. He was replaced by [[Lim Yew Hock]], another Labour Front member.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1462_2009-02-18.html|title=Lim Chin Siong|author=Wong Hongyi|year=2009|work=Singapore Infopedia|publisher=National Library Board Singapore|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728022721/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1462_2009-02-18.html|archive-date=28 July 2009}}</ref> Lim pursued a largely [[anti-communism|anti-communist]] campaign and managed to convince the British to make a definite plan for self-government. The [[Constitution of Singapore]] was revised accordingly in 1958, replacing the Rendel Constitution with one that granted Singapore self-government and the ability for its own population to fully elect its Legislative Assembly.

PAP and left-wing members who were [[communists]] were criticised for inciting riots in the mid-1950s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550922-1.2.2|title=Mr. Lim Sits on The Fence|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013755/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550922-1.2.2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="centre-left">{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550517-1.2.2|title=The Guilty Men – By Goode|date=17 May 1955|work=The Straits Times|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012524/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550517-1.2.2|url-status=live}}</ref> Lim Chin Siong, Fong Swee Suan and [[Devan Nair]] as well as several unionists were detained by the police after the [[Chinese middle schools riots]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19561028-1.2.5|title=Who's Who – The Top 15 Names|date=28 October 1956|work=The Straits Times|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013327/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19561028-1.2.5|url-status=live}}</ref> Lim Chin Siong was placed under solitary confinement for close to a year, away from his other PAP colleagues, as they were placed in the Medium Security Prison (MSP) instead.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Ministry of Finance|date=August 2015|title=INCOME GROWTH, INEQUALITY AND MOBILITY TRENDS IN SINGAPORE|url=https://app.mof.gov.sg/Portals/0/Feature%20Articles/Income%20Growth,%20Distribution%20and%20Mobility%20Trends%20in%20Singapore.pdf|journal=Ministry of Finance Occasional Paper|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-date=7 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407020634/https://app.mof.gov.sg/Portals/0/Feature%20Articles/Income%20Growth,%20Distribution%20and%20Mobility%20Trends%20in%20Singapore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The number of PAP members imprisoned rose in August 1957, when PAP members from the trade unions (viewed as "communist or pro-communist") won half the seats in the Central Executive Committee (CEC). The "moderate" CEC members, including Lee Kuan Yew, Toh Chin Chye and others, refused to take their appointments in the CEC. Yew Hock's government again made a sweeping round of arrests, imprisoning all the "communist" members, before the "moderates" re-assumed their office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ex-pap-man-recounts-1957-kelong-meeting|title=Ex-PAP man recounts 1957 'kelong meeting'|last=Leong|first=Weng Kam|date=10 June 2016|publisher=The Straits Times|access-date=19 August 2016|archive-date=21 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921184554/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ex-pap-man-recounts-1957-kelong-meeting|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following this, the PAP decided to re-assert ties with the labour faction of Singapore in the hope of securing the votes of working-class Chinese Singaporeans, many of whom were supporters of the jailed unionists. Lee Kuan Yew convinced the incarcerated union leaders to sign documents to state their support for the party and its policies, promising to release the jailed members of the PAP when the party came to power in the next elections.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buuiCgAAQBAJ|title=Leaders of Singapore|last=Chew|first=Melanie|date=29 July 2015|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9789814719452|pages=80}}</ref> Ex-[[Barisan Sosialis]] member Tan Jing Quee claims that Lee was secretly in collusion with the British to stop Lim Chin Siong and the labour supporters from attaining power because of their huge popularity. Quee also states that Lim Yew Hock deliberately provoked the students into rioting and then had the labour leaders arrested.<ref name="comet">{{cite book|title=Comet in our sky: Lim Chin Siong in history|author=Tan Jing Quee|publisher=[[Insan]]|year=2001|isbn=983-9602-14-4}}</ref> Greg Poulgrain of Griffiths University argued that "Lee Kuan Yew was secretly a party with Lim Yew Hock in urging the Colonial Secretary to impose the subversives ban in making it illegal for former political detainees to stand for election".<ref name="comet" /> Lee Kuan Yew eventually accused Lim Chin Siong and his supporters of being communists working for the Communist United Front, but evidence of Lim being a communist cadre was a matter of debate as many documents have yet to be declassified.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seng |first=Kah |date=20 December 2014 |title=British archives, personal accounts, confirm extent of Communist United Front activities here: PM Lee |work=The Straits Times |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/british-archives-personal-accounts-confirm-extent-of-communist-united-front-activities |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831132942/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/british-archives-personal-accounts-confirm-extent-of-communist-united-front-activities |archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kah Seng |first=Loh |date=15 January 2015 |title=An annotated bibliography of Operation Coldstore – New Mandala |language=en-US |work=New Mandala |url=http://www.newmandala.org/the-history-writes-itself-an-annotated-bibliography-of-operation-coldstore/ |url-status=dead |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831140342/http://www.newmandala.org/the-history-writes-itself-an-annotated-bibliography-of-operation-coldstore/ |archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref>