Editing Peking University (section)

=== Establishment ===
Following China's defeat in the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]], intellectuals – including [[Kang Youwei]], [[Liang Qichao]], and [[Yan Fu]] – called for reforms to the country's education system. In June 1896, Minister Li Duanfen proposed to create a university in the capital. On 11 June 1898, the [[Guangxu Emperor]], as part of the [[Hundred Days' Reform]], authorised the creation of the Imperial University of Peking<ref name="pu_earlyyears">{{cite web |author=Peking University |title=From Imperial University of Peking to Peking University in the Early Years of Republic of China |url=http://english.pku.edu.cn/intro_PKUhistory.shtml |access-date=30 November 2020 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116230814/http://english.pku.edu.cn/intro_PKUhistory.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> ({{zh|t=京師大學堂|order=ts|p=Jīngshī Dàxuétáng|l=Capital Grand Study Hall}}).<ref name="pu_beginning"/> The Imperial University was formally established on 3 July 1898 when the emperor approved the [[royal charter]] written by Liang. Minister [[Sun Jianai]] was charged with the implementation. IUP served as the country's foremost institute for higher learning, but also as its highest educational authority.<ref name="pu_earlyyears"/> [[William Alexander Parsons Martin]] was appointed as the first president.<ref name="pu_beginning"/> Most of the reforms were abolished when the conservative [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] seized power on 21 September. The university survived with altered objectives and reduced scope. It opened on 31 December with 160 students, instead of the planned 500.<ref name="pu_earlyyears"/>

Following the [[Xinhai Revolution]], the Imperial University of Peking was renamed "Government University of Peking" in 1912 and then "National University of Peking" in 1919<ref name="pu_beginning">{{Cite web|url=http://english.pku.edu.cn/News_Events/News/Campus/8184.htm|title=[Anniversary Special] "In the beginning was the word"|date=2 May 2011|website=Peking University|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113111931/http://english.pku.edu.cn/News_Events/News/Campus/8184.htm|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ({{zh|t=國立北京大學|s=国立北京大学|p=Guólì Běijīng Dàxué}}).