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Paweł Jasienica
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===Youth=== Beynar was born on 10 November 1909 in [[Simbirsk]], Russia,<ref name=ipnbio>{{Cite web|title=Paweł Jasienica (1909–1970) |year=2007 |publisher=[[Instytut Pamięci Narodowej]] |url=http://ipn.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/konkursy-i-nagrody/nagroda-kustosz-pamieci/2007/24249,Pawel-Jasienica-19091970.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206172213/http://ipn.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/konkursy-i-nagrody/nagroda-kustosz-pamieci/2007/24249,Pawel-Jasienica-19091970.html |archive-date=6 February 2017 |url-status=live |language=pl}}</ref> to Polish parents, Mikołaj Beynar and Helena Maliszewska. His paternal grandfather, Ludwik Beynar, fought in the [[January Uprising]] and married a Spanish woman, Joanna Adela Feugas.<ref name=AAG>{{Cite web|first=Aleksandra Gromek |last=Gadkowska |title=Paweł Jasienica |date=2 March 2011 |url=http://gadkowski.pl/publikacja/pawel-jasienica/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816230300/http://gadkowski.pl/publikacja/pawel-jasienica/ |archive-date=16 August 2011 |url-status=live |language=pl}}</ref> His maternal grandfather, Wiktor Maliszewski, fought in the [[November uprising]].<ref name=AAG /> Both of his grandfathers eventually settled in the [[Russian Empire]].<ref name=AAG /> His father, Mikołaj, worked as an [[agronomist]].<ref name=AAG /> Beynar's family lived in Russia and [[Ukraine]]{{mdash}}they moved from Simbirsk to a location near [[Bila Tserkva]] and [[Uman]], then to [[Kyiv]] until the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]], after which they decided to settle in the independent Poland.<ref name=ma>{{Cite magazine|first=Zbigniew |last=Żbikowski |date=14 April 2001 |title=Kapitan martwej armii: Paweł Jasienica |magazine=Życie |url=http://www.niniwa2.cba.pl/jasienica.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320231218/http://www.niniwa2.cba.pl/jasienica.htm |archive-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead |language=pl}}</ref> After a brief stay in [[Warsaw]], during the [[Polish–Soviet War]], his family settled in [[Opatów]], and in 1924, moved to [[Grodno]].<ref name=AAG /> Beynar graduated from ''[[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]'' (secondary school) in [[Wilno]] (Vilnius) and graduated in history from [[Stefan Batory University]] in Wilno (his thesis concerned the January Uprising).<ref name=ipnbio /><ref name=AAG /><ref name="BorowskiDrewnowski2007">{{Cite book|first1=Tadeusz |last1=Borowski|first2=Tadeusz |last2=Drewnowski |first3=Alicia |last3=Nitecki |year=2007 |title=Postal indiscretions: the correspondence of Tadeusz Borowski |location=Evanston, Illinois |publisher=Northwestern University Press |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Mbq1HtzjiwwC&pg=PA331 331] |isbn=978-0-8101-2203-1}}</ref> At the university he was an active member of several organizations including ''Klub Intelektualistów'' (Intellectuals' Club) and ''Akademicki Klub Włóczęgów'' (Academic Club of Vagabonds). After graduating, he finished training for the [[officer cadet]] (''podchorąży'') in the [[Polish Army]].<ref name=AAG /> From 1928 to 1937 he lived in Grodno, where he worked as a history teacher in a gymnasium; later he was employed as an announcer for [[Polish Radio Wilno]].<ref name=ipnbio /><ref name=AAG /><ref name=ma /> Here also, Beynar embarked on his career as author and essayist, writing for a Vilnius conservative newspaper, [[:pl:Słowo (dziennik wileński)|''Słowo'']] (The Word).<ref name=ipnbio /> On 11 November 1934 he married Władysława Adamowicz, and in 1938 his daughter Ewa was born.<ref name=AAG /> In 1935 he published his first history book – about King [[Sigismund II Augustus]], ''Zygmunt August na ziemiach dawnego Wielkiego Księstwa'' (Sigismund Augustus on the Lands of the Former Grand Duchy [of Lithuania]).<ref name=ipnbio />
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