Editing Paul Cézanne (section)

===Early years and family===
[[File:Overture.jpg|thumb|[[The Overture to Tannhäuser|''The Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister'']], 1868, [[Hermitage Museum]], St. Petersburg]]
Paul Cézanne was born on 19 January 1839 at 28 rue de l'Opera in [[Aix-en-Provence]],<ref name="Lindsay6">J. Lindsay ''Cézanne; his life and art'', p. 6</ref> the son of the milliner and later banker Louis-Auguste Cézanne and Anne-Elisabeth-Honorine Aubert. His parents married on 29 January 1844, after the birth of Paul, and his sister Marie in 1841. His youngest sister Rose was born in June 1854. The Cézannes came from the commune of [[Saint-Sauveur, Hautes-Alpes|Saint-Sauveur]] (Hautes-Alpes, [[Occitania]]). On 22 February, he was baptized in the [[Église de la Madeleine (Aix-en-Provence)|Église de la Madeleine]], with his grandmother and uncle Louis as godparents,<ref name="Lindsay6" /><ref>Dominique Auzias, [[Le Petit Futé]], 2008 p. 142 [https://books.google.com/books?id=QuMgNOGgBncC&pg=PA142] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610164855/https://books.google.com/books?id=QuMgNOGgBncC&pg=PA142|date=10 June 2016}}</ref><ref>Dominique Auzias, Jean-Paul Labourdette, ''Aix-en-Provence 2012'', Le Petit Futé, 2012, p. 299 [https://books.google.com/books?id=9gH85A0qBa4C&pg=PA299] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508191650/https://books.google.com/books?id=9gH85A0qBa4C&pg=PA299|date=8 May 2016}}</ref><ref>Olivier-René Veillon, ''Seul comme Cézanne'', Maisonneuve et Larose, 1995, p. 24.</ref> and became a devout Catholic later in life.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paul Cézanne|url=http://totallyhistory.com/paul-cezanne/|website=TotallyHistory|date=June 2011|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101025/http://totallyhistory.com/paul-cezanne/|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> His father, Louis Auguste Cézanne (1798–1886),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genealogia.netopia.pt/pessoas/pes_show.php?id=472543 |title=Louis Auguste Cézanne |access-date=27 February 2007 |work=Guarda-Mor, Edição de Publicações Multimédia Lda. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070329005650/http://genealogia.netopia.pt/pessoas/pes_show.php?id=472543 |archive-date = 29 March 2007}}</ref> a native of [[Saint-Zacharie]] ([[Var (department)|Var]]),<ref>Danchev, Alex (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FbrKaKpS5tAC&pg=PA45 Cézanne: A Life]''. Pantheon. p. 45. {{ISBN|0307377075}}.</ref> was the co-founder of a banking firm (Banque Cézanne et Cabassol) that prospered throughout the artist's life, affording him financial security that was unavailable to most of his contemporaries and eventually resulting in a large inheritance.<ref name="Biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Paul-Cezanne-9542036 |title=Paul Cézanne Biography (1839–1906) |access-date=17 February 2007 |work=[[Biography (TV series)|Biography.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903063847/http://www.biography.com/articles/Paul-Cezanne-9542036 |archive-date=3 September 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Cézanne, Le Printemps.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Spring'', 1860, [[Petit Palais]]]]

His mother, Anne Elisabeth Honorine Aubert (1814–1897),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genealogia.netopia.pt/pessoas/pes_show.php?id=472544 |title=Louis Auguste Cézanne |access-date=27 February 2007 |work=Guarda-Mor, Edição de Publicações Multimédia Lda. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070329064647/http://genealogia.netopia.pt/pessoas/pes_show.php?id=472544 |archive-date = 29 March 2007}}</ref> was "vivacious and romantic, but quick to take offence".<ref name="Vollard16">A. Vollard ''First Impressions'', p. 16</ref> It was from her that Cézanne got his conception and vision of life.<ref name="Vollard16" /> He also had two younger sisters, Marie and Rose, with whom he went to a primary school every day.<ref name="Lindsay6" /><ref name="Vollard14">A. Vollard, ''First Impressions'', p. 14</ref>

At the age of ten Cézanne entered the Saint Joseph school in Aix.<ref>P. Machotka ''Narration and Vision'', p. 9</ref> Classmates were the later sculptor [[Philippe Solari]] and Henri Gasquet, father of the writer [[Joachim Gasquet]], who was to publish his book ''Cézanne'' in 1921,  a testament to the life of the artist. In 1852 Cézanne entered the Collège Bourbon in Aix<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Cezanne|title=Paul Cézanne {{!}} French artist|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=17 August 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817193845/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Cezanne|archive-date=17 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> (now Collège Mignet), where he became friends with [[Émile Zola]], who was in a less advanced class,<ref name="Biography.com" /><ref name="Vollard14" /> as well as [[Baptistin Baille]]—three friends who came to be known as "Les Trois Inséparables" (The Three Inseparables).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/cezanne/chronology2.shtm |title=National Gallery of Art timeline, retrieved 11 February 2009 |publisher=Nga.gov |access-date=19 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105114346/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/cezanne/chronology2.shtm |archive-date=5 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was probably the most carefree time of his life as the friends swam and fished on the banks of the [[Arc (Provence)|Arc]]. They debated art, read [[Homer]] and [[Virgil]] and practiced writing their own poems. Cézanne often wrote his verses in Latin. Zola urged him to take poetry more seriously, but Cézanne saw it as just a pastime.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Becks-Malorny |first1=Ulricke |title=Cézanne |page=7}}</ref> He stayed there for six years, though in the last two years he was a day scholar.<ref>J. Lindsay ''Cézanne; his life and art'', p. 12</ref> In 1857, he began attending the Free Municipal School of Drawing in Aix, where he studied drawing under Joseph Gibert, a Spanish monk.<ref>Gowing 1988, p. 215</ref>

At the request of his authoritarian father, who traditionally saw in his son the heir to his bank Cézanne & Cabassol, Paul Cézanne enrolled in the law faculty of the University of Aix-en-Provence in 1859 and attended lectures for the study of [[jurisprudence]]. He spent two years with his unloved studies, but increasingly neglected them and preferred to devote himself to drawing exercises and writing poems. From 1859, Cézanne took evening courses at the École de dessin d'Aix-en-Provence, which was housed in the art museum of Aix, the [[Musée Granet]]. His teacher was the academic painter Joseph Gibert (1806–1884). In August 1859 he won second prize in the figure studies course there.<ref>P. Cézanne ''Paul Cézanne, letters'', p. 10</ref>

His father bought the [[Bastide du Jas de Bouffan|Jas de Bouffan]] (House of the Wind) estate that same year. This partly derelict baroque residence of the former provincial governor later became the painter's home and workplace for a long time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bastide du Jas de Bouffan |url=https://www.cezanne-en-provence.com/en/the-cezanne-sites/bastide-du-jas-de-bouffan/ |website=Cezanne in Provence |access-date=15 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725103707/https://www.cezanne-en-provence.com/en/the-cezanne-sites/bastide-du-jas-de-bouffan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Becks-Malorny |first1=Ulricke |title=Cézanne |page=8}}</ref> The building and the old trees in the park of the property were among the artist's favorite subjects. In 1860, Cézanne obtained permission to paint the walls of the drawing room, and created the large-format murals of the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter (today in the [[Petit Palais]] in Paris), which Cézanne ironically signed as [[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres|Ingres]], whose works he did not appreciate. The winter picture is additionally dated 1811, alluding to Ingres' painting [[Jupiter and Thetis]], painted at that time and on display in the Musée Granet.<ref name="Cézanne">{{cite book |last1=Becks-Malorny |first1=Ulricke |title=Cézanne |page=10}}</ref>

Going against the objections of his banker father, he committed himself to pursue his artistic development and left Aix for Paris in 1861. He was strongly encouraged to make this decision by Zola, who was already living in the capital at the time and urged Cézanne to abandon his hesitancy and follow him there. Eventually, his father reconciled with Cézanne and supported his choice of career, on condition that he begin a regular course of study, having given up hope of finding Paul as his successor in the banking business. Cézanne later received an inheritance of 400,000 [[French franc|francs]] from his father, which rid him of all financial worries.<ref>J. Lindsay ''Cézanne; his life and art'', p. 232</ref>