Editing Patrick O'Brian (section)

===Childhood, early career and marriages===
O'Brian was christened as Richard Patrick Russ, in [[Chalfont St Peter]], [[Buckinghamshire]], a son of Charles Russ, an English physician of German descent, and Jessie Russ (née Goddard), an English woman of Irish descent.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} The eighth of nine children, O'Brian lost his mother at the age of four, and his biographers describe a fairly isolated childhood, limited by poverty, with sporadic schooling, at [[St Marylebone Grammar School]] from 1924 to 1926, while living in Putney, and then at [[Lewes Grammar School]], from September 1926 to July 1929, after the family moved to [[Lewes]], [[East Sussex]],<ref name="Tolstoyp72">{{Cite book |last=Tolstoy |first=Nikolai |title=Patrick O'Brian: The making of the novelist |publisher=Arrow |year=2005 |isbn=978-0393061307 |page=72 |author-link=Nikolai Tolstoy}}</ref> but with intervals at home with his father and stepmother Zoe Center.<ref name="GBrown">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Anthony Gary |url=http://www.hmssurprise.org/patrick-and-mary-obrian |title=The Patrick O'Brian Muster Book: Persons, Animals, Ships and Cannon in the Aubrey–Maturin Sea Novels |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-7864-2482-5 |edition=Second |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |orig-year=2006}}</ref>

His literary career began in his childhood, with the publication of his earliest works, including several short stories. The book ''[[Hussein, An Entertainment]]''  published by [[Oxford University Press]] in 1938, and the short-story collection ''Beasts Royal'' brought considerable critical praise, [[Novelist#Age and experience|especially considering his youth]].<ref name=kinglrev/> He published his first novel at age 15, ''Caesar: The Life Story of a Panda Leopard'', with help from his father.<ref name=kinglrev />{{rp|50}}<ref name="Veale">{{Cite news |last=Veale |first=Scott |date=5 March 2000 |title=The Man Without a Past |work=[[The New York Times]] |department=Review |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/03/05/reviews/000305.05vealet.html |access-date=4 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Brian |first=Patrick |title=Caesar: The Life Story of a Panda Leopard |date=17 April 2001 |publisher=W W Norton |isbn=978-0393321821 |orig-year=1930}}</ref>

In 1927 he applied unsuccessfully to enter the [[Britannia Royal Naval College|Royal Naval College, Dartmouth]].<ref name="Tolstoyp80">{{Cite book |last=Tolstoy |first=Nikolai |title=Patrick O'Brian: The making of the novelist |publisher=Arrow |year=2005 |isbn=978-0393061307 |page=80 |author-link=Nikolai Tolstoy}}</ref> In 1934, he underwent a brief period of pilot training with the [[Royal Air Force]], but that was not successful and he left the RAF. Prior to that, his application to join the [[Royal Navy]] had been rejected on health grounds.<ref name=GBrown /> In 1935, he was living in London, where he married his first wife, Elizabeth Jones, in 1936. They had two children. The second was a daughter who suffered from [[spina bifida]], and died in 1942, aged three, in a country village in Sussex. When the child died, O'Brian had already returned to London, where he worked throughout the war.

The details of his employment during the [[Second World War]] are murky. He worked as an ambulance driver, and he stated that he worked in intelligence in the [[Political Intelligence Department (1939–1943)|Political Intelligence Department]] (PID).<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2000 |title=Patrick O'Brian |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/6916742/Patrick-OBrian.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108084432/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/6916742/Patrick-OBrian.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2010 |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref> [[Dean King]] has said O'Brian was actively involved in intelligence work and perhaps special operations overseas during the war.<ref name="kinglrev">{{Cite book |last=King |first=Dean |title=Patrick O'Brian:A life revealed |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=2000 |isbn=0-340-79255-8 |location=London |author-link=Dean King}}</ref>{{rp|89–104}} Indeed, despite his usual extreme reticence about his past, O'Brian wrote in an essay, "Black, Choleric and Married?", included in the book ''Patrick O'Brian: Critical Appreciations and a Bibliography'' (1994)<ref name=cunningham1994>{{cite book |title=Patrick O'Brian: Critical Appreciations and a Bibliography |editor=Cunningham, A.E. |year=1994 |publisher=The British Library Publishing Division |location=London |isbn=0-7123-1070-3 |pages=15–19 }}</ref> that: "Some time after the blitz had died away I joined one of those intelligence organisations that flourished during the War, perpetually changing their initials and competing with one another. Our work had to do with France, and more than that I shall not say, since disclosing methods and stratagems that have deceived the enemy once and that may deceive him again seems to me foolish. After the war we retired to Wales (I say we because my wife and I had driven ambulances and served in intelligence together) where we lived for a while in a high Welsh-speaking valley..." which confirms in first person the intelligence connection, as well as introducing his wife Mary Tolstoy, née Wicksteed, as a co-worker and fellow intelligence operative.

[[Nikolai Tolstoy]], [[stepson]] through O'Brian's marriage to Mary, disputes that account,<ref>{{cite book |title=Patrick O'Brian: The making of the novelist |last=Tolstoy |first=Nikolai |author-link=Nikolai Tolstoy |year=2005 |publisher=Arrow |isbn=978-0393061307 |pages=269–274 }}</ref> confirming only that O'Brian worked as a volunteer ambulance driver during the [[The Blitz|Blitz]] when he met Mary, the separated wife of Russian-born nobleman and [[lawyer]] Count Dimitri Tolstoy. They lived together through the latter part of the war and, after both were divorced from their previous spouses, they married in July 1945. The following month he changed his name by [[deed poll]] to Patrick O'Brian.