Editing Parliament of Canada (section)

===Monarch===
{{Main|Monarchy of Canada#Parliament (King-in-Parliament)}}
[[File:King Charles III (July 2023).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of Canada|King of Canada]] ]]
The sovereign's place in the legislature, formally known as the [[King-in-Parliament]],<ref>{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin S. MacLeod |title=A Crown of Maples |publisher=Department of Canadian Heritage |isbn=978-1-100-20079-8|page=16 |year=2015 |url = http://canada.pch.gc.ca/DAMAssetPub/DAM-PCH2-Identity-Monarchy/STAGING/texte-text/crnMpls_1445001297279_eng.pdf?WT.contentAuthority=4.4.10 |access-date=16 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> is defined by the ''[[Constitution Act, 1867]]'', and various [[Convention (norm)#Government|conventions]].<ref name="CA1867-17">[https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/const/section-17.html ''Constitution Act, 1867'', s. 17.]</ref> Neither he nor his viceroy, however, participates in the legislative process save for signifying the King's approval to a bill passed by both houses of Parliament, known as the granting of [[Royal Assent]], which is necessary for a bill to be enacted as law. All federal bills thus begin with the phrase "Now, therefore, His Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows&nbsp;..."<ref>{{Citation |author=Public Works and Government Services Canada |author-link=Public Works and Government Services Canada |publication-date=13 December 2006 |title=Bill C-43 |series=Preamble |publication-place=Ottawa |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Docid=2604319&file=4 |access-date=19 May 2009 |archive-date=15 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615043308/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Docid=2604319&file=4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and, as such, [[the Crown]] is immune from acts of Parliament unless expressed otherwise in the act itself.<ref>{{Citation |author= Queen Elizabeth II |author-link=Elizabeth II |publication-date=1985 |title=Interpretation Act |series=§17 |publication-place=Ottawa |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |url = http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html |access-date=1 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090705082900/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html |archive-date=5 July 2009 }}</ref> The governor general will normally perform the task of granting Royal Assent, though the monarch may also do so, at the request of either the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] or the viceroy, who may defer assent to the sovereign as per the constitution.<ref>[https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const//section-55.html#docCont ''Constitution Act, 1867'', s. 55.]</ref>

As both the monarch and his or her representatives are traditionally barred from the House of Commons, any parliamentary ceremonies in which they are involved take place in the Senate chamber. The upper and lower houses do, however, each contain a [[Ceremonial mace#Canada|mace]], which indicates the authority of the King-in-Parliament and the privilege granted to that body by him,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://lop.parl.ca/About/Parliament/Education/SearchingForSymbols/SymbolsGallery-e.asp| publisher=[[Library of Parliament]]| title=Symbols Gallery| access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last=McDonough| first=John| title=The Maces of the Canadian Provincial and Territorial Legislatures (I)| journal=Canadian Regional Review |volume=2| issue=4|page= 36| publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association |location= Ottawa |year= 1979 |url= http://www.revparl.ca/2/4/02n4_79e.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.revparl.ca/2/4/02n4_79e.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |issn= 0707-0837 |access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref> both bearing a crown at their apex. The original mace for the Senate was that used in the [[Legislative Council of the Province of Canada]] after 1849, while that of the House of Commons was inherited from the [[Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada]], first used in 1845. Following the [[Centre Block#Great fire|burning of the Centre Block]] on 3 February 1916, the [[City of London]], England, donated a replacement, which is still used today. The temporary mace, made of wood, and used until the new one arrived from the United Kingdom in 1917, is still carried into the Senate each 3 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Education/CanSymbols/galleries/parliament/hoc_mace-e.asp |last=Library of Parliament |author-link=Library of Parliament |title=About Parliament > Education > Classroom Resources > Canadian Symbols at Parliament > Parliament Hill Symbols > Mace (House of Commons) |publisher=Queen's Printer for Parliament |access-date=19 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919124424/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Education/CanSymbols/galleries/parliament/hoc_mace-e.asp |archive-date=19 September 2012 }}</ref> The Senate's 1.6-metre-long mace comprises brass and gold. The Senate may not sit if its mace is not in the chamber; it typically sits on the table with the crown facing the throne,<ref name=SenatePP>{{Citation
 | author = Senate of Canada
 | author-link = Senate of Canada
 | title = Senate Procedure in Practice
 | publication-place = Ottawa
 | publisher = Queen's Printer for Canada
 | date = June 2015
 | url = https://sencanada.ca/media/93509/spip-psep-full-complet-e.pdf
 | access-date = 2020-03-10
 | postscript = .
 }}</ref>{{rp|55}} though it may, during certain ceremonies, be held by the mace bearer, standing adjacent to the governor general or monarch in the Senate.{{r|SenatePP|p=51}}

Members of the two houses of Parliament must also express their loyalty to the sovereign and defer to his authority, as the [[Oath of Allegiance (Canada)|Oath of Allegiance]] must be sworn by all new parliamentarians before they may take their seats. Further, the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|official opposition]] is formally called [[Loyal opposition|His Majesty's Loyal Opposition]], to signify that, though they may be opposed to the incumbent Cabinet's policies, they remain dedicated to the apolitical Crown.<ref>{{cite book| last=Marleau| first=Robert| author2=Montpetit, Camille| title=House of Commons Procedure and Practice| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2000| location=Ottawa| id=1. Parliamentary Institutions > Institutional Framework > The Opposition| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/MarleauMontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?DocId=1001&Sec=Ch01&Seq=3&Lang=E| isbn=2-89461-378-4| access-date=19 October 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008170948/http://www.parl.gc.ca/MarleauMontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?DocId=1001&Lang=E&Sec=Ch01&Seq=3| archive-date=8 October 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|first=Gerald |last=Schmitz |title=The Opposition in a Parliamentary System |date=December 1988 |place=Ottawa |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp47-e.htm |access-date=21 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425171259/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp47-e.htm |archive-date=25 April 2009 }}</ref>