Editing Oxford (section)

==Geography==
===Physical===
====Location====
Oxford's latitude and longitude are {{Coord|51|45|07|N|1|15|28|W|type:city_region:GB|display=inline}}, with Ordnance Survey {{gbmapping|SP513061}} (at [[Carfax Tower]], which is usually considered the centre). Oxford is {{convert|24|mi|km}} north-west of [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], {{convert|26|mi|km}} north-east of [[Swindon]], {{convert|36|mi|km}} east of [[Cheltenham]], {{convert|43|mi|km}} east of [[Gloucester]], {{convert|29|mi|km}} south-west of [[Milton Keynes]], {{convert|38|mi|km}} south-east of [[Evesham]], {{convert|43|mi|km}} south of [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]] and {{convert|51|mi|km}} west-north-west of [[London]]. The rivers [[River Cherwell|Cherwell]] and [[River Thames|Thames]] (also sometimes known as [[the Isis]] locally, supposedly from the Latinised name {{lang|la|Thamesis}}) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. These rivers and their flood plains constrain the size of the city centre.

====Climate====
Oxford has a [[oceanic climate|maritime temperate climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''). [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] is uniformly distributed throughout the year and is provided mostly by weather systems that arrive from the [[Atlantic]]. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oxford was {{convert|-17.8|°C|1|abbr=on}} on 24 December 1860. The highest temperature ever recorded in Oxford is {{convert|38.1|°C|0|abbr=on}} on 19 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/daily-data.html| title =Daily Data from the Radcliffe Observatory site in Oxford| access-date =24 June 2020| publisher =[[University of Oxford]]| archive-date =23 June 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200623115453/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/daily-data.html| url-status =live}}</ref> The average conditions below are from the Radcliffe [[Meteorological Station]]. It has the longest series of temperature and rainfall records for one site in [[Great Britain|Britain]]. These records are continuous from January 1815. Irregular observations of rainfall, cloud cover, and temperature exist since 1767.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/
|title=Radcliffe Meteorological Station
|access-date=17 March 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601184328/http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/
|archive-date=1 June 2008
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>

The driest year on record was 1788, with {{convert|336.7|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall. The wettest year was 2012, with {{convert|979.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The wettest month on record was September 1774, with a total fall of {{convert|223.9|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The warmest month on record is July 1983, with an average of {{convert|21.1|°C|0|abbr=on}} and the coldest is January 1963, with an average of {{convert|-3.0|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The warmest year on record is 2014, with an average of {{convert|11.8|°C|0|abbr=on}} and the coldest is 1879, with a mean temperature of {{convert|7.7|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The sunniest month on record is May 2020, with 331.7 hours and December 1890 is the least sunny, with 5.0 hours. The greatest one-day rainfall occurred on 10 July 1968, with a total of {{convert|87.9|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The greatest known snow depth was {{convert|61.0|cm|in|abbr=on}} in February 1888.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/monthly-annual.html| title = Monthly, Annual and Seasonal Data from the Radcliffe Observatory site in Oxford| access-date = 24 June 2020| publisher = [[University of Oxford]]| archive-date = 26 June 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200626170040/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/monthly-annual.html| url-status = live}}</ref>
{{Weather box|location = Oxford ([[Radcliffe Observatory|RMS]]),{{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|0.7|mi|1|abbr=out}} from the Oxford city centre.}} elevation: {{convert|61|m|ft|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1815–2020
| collapsed    = 
| metric first = y
| single line  = y
| Jan record high C = 15.9
| Feb record high C = 18.8
| Mar record high C = 22.1
| Apr record high C = 27.6
| May record high C = 30.6
| Jun record high C = 34.3
| Jul record high C = 38.1
| Aug record high C = 35.1
| Sep record high C = 33.4
| Oct record high C = 29.1
| Nov record high C = 18.9
| Dec record high C = 15.9
| Jan high C = 8.0
| Feb high C = 8.6
| Mar high C = 11.3
| Apr high C = 14.4
| May high C = 17.7
| Jun high C = 20.7
| Jul high C = 23.1
| Aug high C = 22.5
| Sep high C = 19.4
| Oct high C = 15.1
| Nov high C = 10.9
| Dec high C = 8.2
| year high C = 15.0
| Jan mean C = 5.2
| Feb mean C = 5.5
| Mar mean C = 7.5
| Apr mean C = 9.9
| May mean C = 12.9
| Jun mean C = 15.9
| Jul mean C = 18.1
| Aug mean C = 17.8
| Sep mean C = 15.0
| Oct mean C = 11.5
| Nov mean C = 7.9
| Dec mean C = 5.4
| year mean C = 11.1
| Jan low C = 2.4
| Feb low C = 2.3
| Mar low C = 3.6
| Apr low C = 5.3
| May low C = 8.2
| Jun low C = 11.1
| Jul low C = 13.1
| Aug low C = 13.0
| Sep low C = 10.7
| Oct low C = 8.0
| Nov low C = 4.9
| Dec low C = 2.6
| year low C = 7.1
| Jan record low C = -16.6
| Feb record low C = -16.2
| Mar record low C = -12.0
| Apr record low C = -5.6
| May record low C = -3.4
| Jun record low C = 0.4
| Jul record low C = 2.4
| Aug record low C = 0.2
| Sep record low C = -3.3
| Oct record low C = -5.7
| Nov record low C = -10.1
| Dec record low C = -17.8
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 59.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 46.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 43.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 48.7
| May precipitation mm = 56.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 49.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 52.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 61.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 51.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 73.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 71.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 66.1
| year precipitation mm = 681.6
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.1
| Feb precipitation days = 9.4
| Mar precipitation days = 9.1
| Apr precipitation days = 8.9
| May precipitation days = 9.6
| Jun precipitation days = 8.0
| Jul precipitation days = 8.3
| Aug precipitation days = 9.0
| Sep precipitation days = 8.6
| Oct precipitation days = 10.9
| Nov precipitation days = 11.3
| Dec precipitation days = 12.2
| year precipitation days = 117.7
| Jan sun = 63.4
| Feb sun = 81.9
| Mar sun = 118.2
| Apr sun = 165.6
| May sun = 200.3
| Jun sun = 197.1
| Jul sun = 212.0
| Aug sun = 193.3
| Sep sun = 145.3
| Oct sun = 110.2
| Nov sun = 70.8
| Dec sun = 57.6
| year sun = 1615.5
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcpn7mp10 |title=Oxford (Oxfordshire) UK climate averages |access-date=1 January 2022 |publisher=Met Office |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425190216/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcpn7mp10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source 2 = [[University of Oxford]]<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/daily-data.html| title =Daily Data from the Radcliffe Observatory site in Oxford| access-date =23 June 2020| publisher =[[University of Oxford]]| archive-date =23 June 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200623115453/https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/climate/rms/daily-data.html| url-status =live}}</ref>

}}
{{notelist}}[[File:Location map United Kingdom Oxford.svg|Map of Oxford|thumb|upright=2.25]]

===Districts===

====The city centre====
The city centre is relatively small and is centred on [[Carfax, Oxford|Carfax]], a crossroads which forms the junction of [[Cornmarket Street, Oxford|Cornmarket Street]] (pedestrianised), [[Queen Street, Oxford|Queen Street]] (mainly [[pedestrianised]]), [[St Aldate's, Oxford|St Aldate's]] and the [[High Street, Oxford|High Street]] ("the High"; blocked for through traffic). Cornmarket Street and Queen Street are home to Oxford's chain stores, as well as a small number of independent retailers, one of the longest established of which was [[Boswells of Oxford|Boswell's]], founded in 1738.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Boswells|url=http://www.boswells-online.co.uk//mall/infopageviewer.cfm/Boswells/AboutUs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123112907/http://www.boswells-online.co.uk/mall/infopageviewer.cfm/Boswells/AboutUs|archive-date=23 November 2007|access-date=10 January 2010|publisher=Boswells-online.co.uk}}</ref> The store closed in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ffrench|first=Andrew|date=29 February 2020|title=Everything must go now at Boswells in closing down sale|newspaper=[[Oxford Mail]]|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18271030.everything-must-go-now-boswells-closing-sale/|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329215229/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18271030.everything-must-go-now-boswells-closing-sale/|archive-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> St Aldate's has few shops but several local government buildings, including the [[town hall]], the city police station and local council offices. The High (the word ''street'' is traditionally omitted) is the longest of the four streets and has a number of independent and high-end chain stores, but mostly university and college buildings. The historic buildings mean the area is often used by film and TV crews.

====Suburbs====
Aside from the city centre, there are several suburbs and neighbourhoods within the borders of the city of Oxford, including:

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Barton, Oxford|Barton]]
* [[Blackbird Leys]]
* [[Cowley, Oxfordshire|Cowley]]
** Temple Cowley
* [[Iffley]]
** [[Littlemore]]
** [[Rose Hill, Oxfordshire|Rose Hill]]
* [[Cutteslowe]]
* [[Headington]]
** [[New Marston]]
* [[Jericho, Oxford|Jericho]]
* [[North Oxford]]
** [[Park Town, Oxford|Park Town]]
** [[Norham Manor]]
** [[Walton Manor]]
* [[Osney]]
* [[Risinghurst]]
* [[Summertown, Oxford|Summertown]]
** [[Sunnymead]]
** [[Waterways, Oxford|Waterways]]
* [[Wolvercote]]
{{div col end}}

====Green belt====
{{main|Oxford Green Belt}}
[[File:Oxford_Malmaison_Hotel.jpg|right|thumb|Oxford Malmaison Hotel]]
Oxford is at the centre of the [[Oxford Green Belt]], which is an [[environmental policy|environmental]] and [[Planning in the United Kingdom|planning]] policy that regulates the rural space in [[Oxfordshire]] surrounding the city, aiming to prevent [[urban sprawl]] and minimize convergence with nearby settlements.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Oxford Green Belt: Key Facts|url=http://www.cpreoxon.org.uk/campaigns/item/download/788|website=CPRE Oxfordshire|access-date=15 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215083708/http://www.cpreoxon.org.uk/campaigns/item/download/788|archive-date=15 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The policy has been blamed for the large rise in house prices in Oxford, making it the least affordable city in the United Kingdom outside of London, with some [[estate agents]] calling for [[brownfield]] land inside the green belt to be released for new housing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15133787.estate-agents-call-for-building-on-oxford-green-belt-to-ease-house-price-crisis/|title=Estate agents call for building on Green Belt to ease house price crisis|website=Oxford Mail|date=4 March 2017 |access-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426220329/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15133787.estate-agents-call-for-building-on-oxford-green-belt-to-ease-house-price-crisis/ |first= Andy |last=Ffrench|archive-date=26 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/22/green-belt-housing-crisis-planning-policy|title=Loosen Britain's green belt. It is stunting our young people |first=Jonn|last=Elledge|date=22 September 2017|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527000502/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/22/green-belt-housing-crisis-planning-policy|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/house-prices/11436459/Welcome-to-Britains-most-unaffordable-spot-its-not-London.html|title=Welcome to Britain's most unaffordable spot – it's not London|first=Anna|last=White|date=26 February 2015|access-date=30 May 2019|via=The Telegraph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426200855/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/house-prices/11436459/Welcome-to-Britains-most-unaffordable-spot-its-not-London.html|archive-date=26 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The vast majority of the area covered is outside of the city, but there are some green spaces within that which are covered by the designation, such as much of the [[Thames]] and [[river Cherwell]] [[flood-meadow]]s, and the village of [[Binsey, Oxfordshire|Binsey]], along with several smaller portions on the fringes. Other landscape features and places of interest covered include [[Cutteslowe]] Park and the mini railway attraction, the [[University Parks]], Hogacre Common Eco Park, numerous sports grounds, [[Aston's Eyot]], [[St Margaret of England|St Margaret]]'s Church and well, and [[Wolvercote Common]] and community orchard.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Green Belt Study Final Report Prepared by LUC |date=October 2015|url=https://m.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/communityandliving/partnerships/GrowthBoard/OxfordGreenBeltStudyFinalReport.pdf|website=Oxfordshire County Council |access-date=15 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215143624/https://m.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/communityandliving/partnerships/GrowthBoard/OxfordGreenBeltStudyFinalReport.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Geographic Location
|title = Destinations from Oxford
|Northwest = [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]
|North     = [[Banbury]]
|Northeast = [[Bicester]], [[Milton Keynes]]
|West      = [[Witney]], [[Cheltenham]]
|Centre    = Oxford
|East      = [[High Wycombe]], [[Aylesbury]]
|Southwest = [[Wantage]], [[Swindon]]
|South     = [[Abingdon-on-Thames|Abingdon]], [[Didcot]], [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]], [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]
|Southeast = [[Slough]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]
}}