Editing Ottoman military reforms (section)

=== Kapikulu ===

==== Infantry ====

===== Janissary Corps =====
The [[Janissary|Janissary Corps]] had long been the mainstay of the Ottoman infantry and remained so until its [[Auspicious Incident|disbandment]] in 1826. However, estimates of the strength of the Corps vary greatly: by 1790, some 12,000 (2,000 combat) were said to reside in Istanbul alone, yet when summoned for campaign in 1810, only 13,000 assembled. Various other estimates place the total strength between 150,000 and 400,000, of which only 50,000 actually served as soldiers (with the remainder collecting pay but refusing to fight). 
Despite their backwardness in terms of combat, the Corps possessed immense ''[[Esprit-de-corps|espirit-de-corps]]'', showing great initiative and often fighting to the death. While engaged in combat, the Janissaries would at times mock Western soldiers for their tendency to fight in close order formations. Their older matchlock muskets, despite being slower to fire, were preferred over newer flintlocks, on account of their greater range and accuracy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |title=Armies of the Ottoman empire 1775-1820: No.314 (Men-at-arms) |publisher=Osprey |year=1998 |isbn=978-1855326972 |pages=11–16}}</ref>

===== Bostanji =====
{{Main article|Bostanji}}
These were the palace guards of the empire and numbered no more than a few thousand throughout the period and were an elite reserve around Edirne and Istanbul.<ref name=":0" />

===== Other formations =====
The Bosnians were organised into the ''panduks'' and the Anatolian Turks into the [[Sekban]]. The Tufenkis who were mounted infantry were largely Kurdish in origin.<ref name=":0" />

==== Cavalry ====
The [[Sipahi|Sipahis]], traditionally paid by [[Timar|Timars]], had degenerated considerably by the 18th century, shrinking from an earlier peak of 30,000 to as few as 2,000 to 3,000. By the end of [[Selim III]]'s reign, however, they experienced a renewal, expanding to some 10,000 salaried Sipahis (not including provincial cavalry or irregular Deli horsemen). This was a considerable cavalry force, with many of the troopers being instructed by the French advisors to the [[Sublime Porte|Porte]].<ref name=":0" />

==== Artillery ====
The artillery was divided into the [[Topçu Ocağı|''topçu ocağı'']] (artillery corps) and the ''humbaracı ocağı'' (mortar corps), these 2 groups received the most attention from the reformers with French and Spanish assistance during the 1807 [[Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)|Anglo-Turkish war]], where the Ottoman artillery assembled 322 cannons and mortars alongside thousands of troops to defend the coastline of the Sea of Marmara, necessitating a British withdrawal. The Topçu corps alone contained 30,000 men and the ''suratçı ocağı'' (rapid-fire gun corps) had 2,000 men. The artillery corps had 10 infantry assigned per gun and they jointly garrisoned the European side of the Boshporus.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |title=Armies of the Ottoman Empire 1775-1820: No. 314 (Men-at-Arms) |publisher=Osprey |year=1998 |edition=978-1855326972 |pages=17–24}}</ref>