Editing Osman I (section)

== Historical background ==
[[File:Ertuğrul Gazi Türbesi.JPG|right|thumb|Ertuğrul's ''[[türbe]]'' (tomb) in [[Söğüt]]]]
Most sources agree that the Ottoman Turks belonged to the Kayı [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz Turkic clan]], who, according to Ottoman traditions, fled their native homeland in [[Central Asia]] during the early 13th century due to the Mongol invasions. The clan settled in Anatolia, in a region belonging to the Seljuk [[Sultanate of Rûm]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hōca Efendi|first1=Saʿd al-Dīn b. Ḥasan|title=Tâcü't-Tevârih|publisher=Matbaa-i Âmire|year=1863|place=Istanbul|pages=13–15|language=ota|trans-title=The Crown of Histories}}</ref> Other sources claim that the Kayı clan moved to Anatolia two centuries earlier than the previously mentioned date, alongside the Seljuks, when they left [[Transoxiana]] to [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]] around 1040 to reside near the city of [[Merv]]. Then, the Kayı clan moved towards [[Eastern Anatolia Region|eastern Anatolia]] after 1071 CE,<ref name="Yilmaz2">{{Cite book|last1=Öztuna|first1=Yılmaz|url=https://archive.org/details/waq76579|title=Mawsūʻat tārīkh al-Imbarāṭūrīyah al-ʻUthmānīyah al-siyāsī wa-al-ʻaskarī wa-al-ḥaḍārī|publisher=Faisal Finance Institution|year=1988|edition=1st|volume=I|place=Istanbul|pages=83–84|language=ar|translator-last1=Salman|translator-first1=Adnan Mahmud|trans-title=Encyclopedia of the political, military and cultural history of the Ottoman Empire}}</ref> where it displaced other Turkic clans. Later, it became involved in the army of Sultan [[Kayqubad I]] and fought against the [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarazmians]], Mongols and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], who were raiding Seljuk lands. According to several sources, the Kayı warriors were known for filling first lines in battles, and their fighting skills and bravery were among the major factors the Seljuks were victorious in many battles. This fact prompted Sultan Kayqubad to appoint Ertuğrul, the clan's Emir, as a ''Moqaddam'' (Lieutenant), and to reward the Kayıs some fertile lands near [[Ankara]], where they settled and remained in the service of the Sultan for several years.<ref name="Farid">{{cite book|last1=Farīd|first1=Muḥammad|url=https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwSf_0bx00XdUEl6UHJ3VTJ1N2s/edit|title=Tārīkh al-Dawlah al-ʻAlīyah al-ʻUthmānīyah|publisher=Dar al-Nafa'is|year=2006|edition=10th|place=Beirut|pages=115–116|language=ar|trans-title=History of the Exalted Ottoman State|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509154112/https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwSf_0bx00XdUEl6UHJ3VTJ1N2s/edit|archive-date=9 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=al-Qaramani|first1=Ahmed bin Yusuf bin Ahmed|title=Tārīkh salāṭīn Āl ʻUthmān|publisher=Dār al-baṣāʼir|year=1985|edition=1st|place=Damascus|pages=9–10|language=ar|trans-title=History of the Ottoman Sultans}}</ref>

Later, Ertuğrul was granted dominion over the town of [[Söğüt]] in northwestern Anatolia on the Byzantine frontier.<ref name="shaw2">{{cite book|last1=Shaw|first1=Stanford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9-YfgVZDBkC&pg=PA13|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1976|isbn=9780521291637|edition=illustrated, reprinted|place=Cambridge|pages=13–14}}</ref> He also obtained the title of ''Uç beyliği'' or ''[[Uç bey]]'' (literally: marcher-lord). Granting this title was in line with the traditions of the Seljuk Sultanate, which is rewarding any clan chieftain who rises to power and is joined by a number of smaller clans, the title of marcher-lord. However, Ertuğrul had far-reaching political ambitions. He sought to expand beyond the lands rewarded to him. Thus, he started raiding the Byzantine possessions in the name of the Sultan successfully conquering several towns and villages, and slowly expanding his dominion during the half of the century he spent as a Seljuk governor. In 1281, Ertuğrul died at nearly 90 years of age.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ṭaqqūsh|first1=Muḥammad Suhayl|url=https://archive.org/details/ottn_hist7|title=Tārīkh al-ʻuthmānīyīn min qiyām al-Dawlah ilá al-inqilāb ʻalá al-khilāfah|publisher=Dar al-Nafa'is|year=2013|isbn=9789953184432|edition=3rd|place=Beirut|page=92|language=ar|trans-title=History of the Ottomans: from the rise of the Empire to the coup against the caliphate|access-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428194857/https://archive.org/details/ottn_hist7|archive-date=28 April 2019}}</ref>