Editing Orrery (section)

===Ancient===
[[File:Antikythera Fragment A (Front).webp|thumb|[[Antikythera mechanism]], main fragment, {{circa}} 205 to 87&nbsp;BC]]
[[File:Carlo G Croce Astrarium.jpg|thumb|Carlo G Croce, reconstruction of [[Astrarium of Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio|Dondi's Astrarium]], originally built between 1348 and 1364 in [[Padua]]]]
The [[Antikythera mechanism]], discovered in 1901 in a wreck off the Greek island of [[Antikythera]] in the Mediterranean Sea, exhibited the [[diurnal motion]]s of the [[Sun]], [[Moon]], and the five [[planet]]s known to the [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]]. It has been dated between 205 to 87&nbsp;BC.<ref>{{cite journal | last= de Solla| first=Price, Derek |author-link=Derek J. de Solla Price| title=Gears from the Greeks. The Antikythera Mechanism: A Calendar Computer from ca. 80 BC| journal= Transactions of the American Philosophical Society| volume=64 | issue=7 | pages=1–70 (page 19)| year=1974| doi=10.2307/1006146 | jstor=1006146| s2cid=222364275}}</ref><ref name="Carman Evans">{{cite journal|last1=Carman|first1=Christián C.|last2=Evans|first2=James|title=On the epoch of the Antikythera mechanism and its eclipse predictor|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|date=15 November 2014|volume=68|issue=6|pages=693–774|doi=10.1007/s00407-014-0145-5|s2cid=120548493|hdl=11336/98820|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20141124-JM">{{cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |title=On the Trail of an Ancient Mystery – Solving the Riddles of an Early Astronomical Calculator |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/science/solving-the-riddles-of-an-early-astronomical-calculator.html |date=24 November 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=25 November 2014 }}</ref> The mechanism is considered one of the first orreries.<ref name="HMSO">{{cite book|last=Calvert|first=H. R.|title=Astronomy: Globes Orreries and other Models |publisher=H.M.S.O|location=London|date=1967|asin=B001A9C9SQ}}</ref> It was [[geocentric]] and used as a mechanical calculator to calculate astronomical positions.

[[Cicero]], the Roman philosopher and politician writing in the first century BC, has references describing planetary mechanical models. According to him, the Greek polymaths [[Thales]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cicero |first=Marcus |url=http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/repub1.shtml |title=de Re Publica I |language=la |quote=dicebat enim Gallus sphaerae illius alterius solidae atque plenae vetus esse inventum, et eam a Thalete Milesio primum esse tornatam, post autem ab Eudoxo Cnidio, discipulo ut ferebat Platonis, eandem illam astris quae caelo inhaererent esse descriptam;}}</ref> and [[Posidonius]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cicero |first=Marcus |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14988 |title=De Natura Deorum |pages=253 |language= |translator-last=Yonge |translator-first=Charles |trans-title=Treatises On The Nature Of The Gods |quote=But if that sphere which was lately made by our friend Posidonius, the regular revolutions of which show the course of the sun, moon, and five wandering stars, as it is every day and night performed, were carried into Scythia or Britain, who, in those barbarous countries, would doubt that that sphere had been made so perfect by the exertion of reason?}}</ref> both constructed a device modeling celestial motion.