Editing Organisation armée secrète (section)

== March 1962 Evian agreements and the struggle of the OAS ==
{{See also|Battle of Bab El Oued}}
The main hope of the OAS was to prove that the FLN was secretly restarting military action after a ceasefire was agreed in the [[Evian agreements]] of 19 March 1962 and the referendum of June 1962, so during these three months, the OAS unleashed a new terrorist campaign to force the FLN to abandon the ceasefire. Over 100 bombs a day were detonated by the OAS in March in pursuit of this goal. OAS operatives set off an average of 120 bombs per day in March, with targets including hospitals and schools. Dozens of Arab residents were killed at Place du Gouvernement when 24 mortar rounds were fired from the European stronghold of [[Bab el-Oued]].<ref>Harrison, Alexander (1989). ''Challenging De Gaulle: The OAS and the counterrevolution in Algeria (1954–1962)''. Greenwood press, p. 118. {{ISBN|0-275-92791-1}}</ref> On 21 March, the OAS issued a [[Flyer (pamphlet)|flyer]] where they proclaimed that the French military had become an "occupation force."<ref name="LDH"/> It organized [[car bombing]]s: 25 killed in Oran on 28 February 1962 and 62 killed in Algiers on 2 May, among others.<ref name="LDH"/> On 22 March, they took control of Bab el-Oued and attacked French soldiers, killing six of them. The French military then surrounded them and stormed the neighbourhood. The battle killed 15 French soldiers and 20 OAS members, and injured 150 more.<ref name="LDH"/> On 26 March, the leaders of the OAS proclaimed a [[general strike]] in Algiers and called for the European settlers to come to Bab el-Oued in order to break the blockade by military forces loyal to de Gaulle and the [[French Fifth Republic|Republic]]. A detachment of ''[[tirailleurs]]'' (Muslim troops in the French Army) fired on the demonstrators, killing 54, injuring 140, and traumatising the settlers' population in what is known as the "gunfight of the Rue d'Isly".<ref name="LDH"/> In coincidence with the uprising of Bab-el Oued, 200 OAS ''[[Maquis (World War II)|maquis]]'' marched from Algiers to Ouarsenis, a mountainous region between Oran and Algiers. They tried to overrun two French military outposts and gain support for local Muslim tribes loyal to France, but instead they were harassed and eventually defeated by [[French Legion|Legion]] units led by Colonel Albert Brothier after several days of fighting.<ref>Harrison (1989), p. 120</ref> Some clashes between the French army and the OAS involving grenades and mortar fire took place at Oran as late as 10 April.<ref>Diamond, Robert (1970). ''France under De Gaulle''. Facts on File, p. 50. {{ISBN|0871961792}}</ref> At least one Lieutenant and one Second-Lieutenant were killed by the OAS during the fighting.<ref>Fleury, G. (2002) ''Histoire secréte de L'OAS''. Grasset, pp. 1020–1032. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

In April&nbsp;1962, the OAS leader, [[Raoul Salan]] was captured. Despite the OAS bombing campaign, the FLN remained resolute in its agreement to the ceasefire; further, on 17&nbsp;June 1962, the OAS also began a ceasefire. The Algerian authority officially guaranteed the security of the remaining Europeans, but in early July&nbsp;1962 the [[Oran massacre of 1962|Oran Massacre]] occurred; hundreds of armed people came down to European areas of the city, attacking European civilians. The violence lasted several hours, including lynching and acts of torture in public places in all areas of [[Oran]] by civilians supported by the [[Armée de Libération Nationale|ALN]]—the armed wing of the FLN, at the time evolving into the [[Algerian Army]]—resulting in 3,000&nbsp;missing people:<ref>''Cinq Colonnes à La Une, rushes: interview Pied-Noir'', [[ORTF]], 1 July 1962, [[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|National Audiovisual Institute]]</ref>

By 1963, the main OAS operatives were either dead, in exile, or in prison. [[Claude Piegts]] and [[Albert Dovecar]] were executed by [[firing squad]] on 7&nbsp;June 1962, and [[Roger Degueldre]] on 6&nbsp;July 1962. [[Jean Bastien-Thiry]], who had attempted the Petit-Clamart assassination on de Gaulle, but was not formally a member of the OAS, was also executed, on 11&nbsp;March 1963. With the arrest of Gilles Buscia in 1965, the organisation effectively ceased to exist.<ref>Duranton-Crabol, Anne-Marie (1995). ''Le temps de l'OAS''. Editions Complexe, p. 232. {{ISBN|2-87027-542-0}}. {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The jailed OAS members were amnestied by De Gaulle under a July&nbsp;1968 act. Putschist generals still alive in November 1982 were reintegrated into the Army by another amnesty law: Raoul Salan, [[Edmond Jouhaud]], and six other generals benefited from this law.