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===Terminology=== The use of "organic" popularized by Howard and Rodale refers more narrowly to the use of [[Soil organic matter|organic matter]] derived from plant compost and animal manures to improve the [[humus]] content of soils, grounded in the work of early soil scientists who developed what was then called "humus farming". Since the early 1940s the two camps have tended to merge.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nayler|first=Justin|title=Second Thoughts About Organic Agriculture|url=http://www.soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/Second.Thoughts.pdf|publisher=Soil And Health Library|access-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801061226/http://www.soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/Second.Thoughts.pdf|archive-date=1 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Diver|first=Steve|title=Controlled Microbial Composting and Humus Management: Luebke Compost|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/steved/Luebke/Luebke-compost2.html|access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref> Biodynamic agriculturists, on the other hand, used the term "organic" to indicate that a farm should be viewed as a living organism,<ref name=Kirchmann/>{{rp|17β19}}<ref name=Betteshanger/> in the sense of the following quotation: {{blockquote|1=An organic farm, properly speaking, is not one that uses certain methods and substances and avoids others; it is a farm whose structure is formed in imitation of the structure of a natural system that has the integrity, the independence and the benign dependence of an organism | 2=[[Wendell Berry]], "The Gift of Good Land"}} They based their work on Steiner's spiritually-oriented alternative [[biodynamic agriculture]] which includes various esoteric concepts.
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