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===18th century=== European settlement in this area started in 1704 when George Sterling set up a post here for [[fur trade]] with Native Americans. To encourage settlement, the General Assembly of the Province of South Carolina in 1730 organized the area as a township, naming it Orangeburg for [[William IV, Prince of Orange|William IV]], Prince of Orange, the son-in-law of King [[George II of Great Britain]]. In 1735, a colony of 200 [[Swiss Americans|Swiss]], [[German Americans|German]] and [[Dutch Americans|Dutch immigrants]] formed a community near the banks of the North Edisto River. The site was attractive because of the fertile soil and the abundance of wildlife. The river provided the all-important transportation waterway to the port of [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] on the Atlantic coast for the area's agriculture and lumber products, and for shipping goods upriver. The town soon became a well-established and successful colony, composed chiefly of small [[yeomen]] farmers. Orangeburg's first church was established by a German [[Lutheran]] congregation. It later identified as an [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Anglican Church]], which was the established church and exempt from colonial taxation. The church building was erected prior to 1763 in the center of the village; it was destroyed by fighting during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. A new church was built; during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], it was used as a smallpox hospital by [[General William Tecumseh Sherman]] on his march through with Union forces.
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