Editing Orange (colour) (section)

==Etymology==
In English, the colour orange is named after the appearance of the ripe [[orange (fruit)|orange fruit]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paterson|first=Ian|title=A Dictionary of Colour: A Lexicon of the Language of Colour |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarycolour00pate|url-access=limited|edition=1st paperback|year=2003|publication-date=2004|publisher=Thorogood|location=London|isbn=978-1-85418-375-0|oclc=60411025|page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarycolour00pate/page/n287 280]}}</ref> The word comes from the {{langx|fro|orange}}, from the old term for the fruit, {{lang|fr|pomme d'orange}}. The French word, in turn, comes from the Italian {{lang|it|arancia}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=orange|title=orange – Origin and meaning of orange by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref><ref>"orange n.1 and adj.1". Oxford English Dictionary online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-30.(subscription required)</ref> based on Arabic {{lang|ar|نارنج}} ({{transliteration|ar|nāranj}}), borrowed from [[Persian Language|Persian]] {{lang|fa|نارنگ}} ({{transliteration|fa|nārang}}), derived from [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa|नारङ्ग}} ({{transliteration|sa|nāraṅga}}), which in turn derives from a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] root word (compare {{lang|ta|நரந்தம்}}/{{lang|ml|നാരങ്ങ}} {{transliteration|ta|nārandam}}''/''{{transliteration|ml|nārañja}} which refers to [[bitter orange]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]]).<ref>''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 5th edition, 2002.</ref> The earliest known recorded use of ''orange'' as a colour name in English was in 1502, in a description of clothing purchased for [[Margaret Tudor]].<ref name="StClair">{{Cite book|title=The Secret Lives of Colour|last=St. Clair|first=Kassia|publisher=John Murray|year=2016|isbn=9781473630819|location=London|pages=88|oclc=936144129}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv2NRSdP58kC&q=elephant's+breath+and+london+smoke|title=Elephant's Breath & London Smoke: Historical Colour Names, Definitions & Uses|last=Salisbury|first=Deb|date=2009|publisher=Five Rivers Chapmanry|isbn=9780973927825|pages=148|language=en}}</ref> Another early recorded use was in 1512,<ref>{{cite web|title=orange colour – orange color, n. (and adj.)|url=https://www.oed.com/Entry/132168|website=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=OED|access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Maerz |first=Aloys John |author2=Morris Rea Paul |title=A Dictionary of Color |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1930 |page=200}}</ref> in a [[Will (law)|will]] now filed with the [[Public Record Office]]. By the 17th century, the fruit and its colour were familiar enough that 'orange-coloured' shifted in use to 'orange' as an adjective.<ref name="Morton2011"/> The place name "[[Orange, Vaucluse|Orange]]" has a separate [[Orange (word)#Etymology|etymology]] and is not related to that of the colour.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of the Roman Empire |last=Bunson |first=Matthew |year=1995 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=0-19-510233-9 |page=23}}</ref>

Before this word was introduced to the English-speaking world, ''[[History of saffron#Etymology|saffron]]'' already existed in the English language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/saffron|title=Saffron - Define Saffron at Dictionary.com|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=25 September 2014}}</ref> ''Crog'' also referred to the saffron colour, so that orange was also referred to as {{Lang|ang|ġeolurēad}} (''yellow-red'') for reddish orange, or {{Lang|ang|ġeolucrog}} (''yellow-saffron'') for yellowish orange.<ref>{{cite book |title=Symbols and their hidden meanings |last=Kenner |first=T.A. |year=2006 |publisher=Thunders Mouth |location=New York |isbn=978-1-56025-949-7 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2XJZIyLo10C&q=saffron&pg=PA142|title=The Semantics of Colour|access-date=25 September 2014|isbn=9780521899925|last1=Biggam|first1=C. P|last2=Biggam|first2=Carole Patricia|date=2012-03-29|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfxcbpXhCZoC&q=orange+colour+in+old+english&pg=PA11|title=The Power of Words|access-date=25 September 2014|isbn=978-9042021211|last1=Caie|first1=Graham D|last2=Hough|first2=Carole|last3=Wotherspoon|first3=Irené|year=2006|publisher=Rodopi }}</ref> Alternatively, orange things were sometimes described as red (which then had a broader meaning)<ref name="Morton2011"/> such as [[red deer]], [[red hair]], [[Mars|the Red Planet]] and [[European robin|robin redbreast]]. When orange was infrequently used in [[heraldry]], it was referred to as ''tawny'' or ''brusk''.<ref name="Morton2011"/>