Editing Optical mouse (section)

== Early optical mice ==
[[File:Xerox Optical Mouse Chip.jpg|thumb|An early Xerox optical mouse chip, before the development of the inverted packaging design of Williams and Cherry]]

The first two optical mice, first demonstrated by two independent inventors in December 1980, had different basic designs:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=John Markoff |date=May 10, 1982 |title=Computer mice are scurrying out of R&D labs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10 |journal=InfoWorld |volume=4 |issue=18 |pages=10–11 |issn=0199-6649}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=John Markoff |date=February 21, 1983 |title=In Focus: The Mouse that Rolled |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-S8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28 |journal=InfoWorld |publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. |volume=5 |issue=8 |page=28 |issn=0199-6649}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sol Sherr |url=https://archive.org/details/inputdevices00sher |title=Input Devices |publisher=Academic Press |year=1988 |isbn=0126399700 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
One of these, invented by [[Steve Kirsch]] of [[MIT]] and [[Mouse Systems Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liz Karagianis |date=Fall 1997 |title=Steve Kirsch |url=http://spectrum.mit.edu/issue/fall-1997/steve-kirsch/ |journal=MIT Spectrum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322034331/http://spectrum.mit.edu/issue/fall-1997/steve-kirsch/ |archive-date=March 22, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Portraits of MIT-Related Companies: Infoseek, Santa Clara, CA |url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/founders/Infoseek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981201220705/http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/founders/Infoseek.html |archive-date=December 1, 1998 |access-date=31 December 2006 |website=MIT: The Impact of Innovation |publisher=MIT}}</ref> used an infrared LED and a four-quadrant infrared sensor to detect grid lines printed with infrared absorbing ink on a special metallic surface. Predictive [[algorithm]]s in the [[CPU]] of the mouse calculated the speed and direction over the grid. The other type, invented by [[Richard F. Lyon]] of Xerox, used a 16-pixel visible-light [[image sensor]] with integrated motion detection on the same [[NMOS logic|n{{nbh}}type]] ([[6 μm process|5{{nbsp}}μm]]) [[MOS integrated circuit]] chip,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lyon |first=Richard F. |title=VLSI Systems and Computations |date=August 1981 |publisher=Computer Science Press |isbn=978-3-642-68404-3 |editor-last=H. T. Kung |pages=1–19 |chapter=The Optical Mouse, and an Architectural Methodology for Smart Digital Sensors |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68402-9_1 |author-link=Richard F. Lyon |editor-last2=Robert F. Sproull |editor-last3=Guy L. Steele |chapter-url=http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/xerox/parc/techReports/VLSI-81-1_The_Optical_Mouse.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stan Augarten |url=http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/augarten/i60.htm |title=State of the Art: A Photographic History of the Integrated Circuit |publisher=Ticknor & Fields |year=1983 |isbn=0-89919-195-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Stan Augarten}}</ref> and tracked the motion of light dots in a dark field of a printed paper or similar mouse pad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xerox Mousepad |url=http://www.digibarn.com/collections/devices/xerox-mousepad/index.html |access-date=2010-05-29 |publisher=Digibarn.com}}</ref> The Kirsch and Lyon mouse types had very different behaviors, as the Kirsch mouse used an x-y coordinate system embedded in the pad, and would not work correctly when the pad was rotated, while the Lyon mouse used the x-y coordinate system of the mouse body, as mechanical mice do.

[[File:Old optical mouse.jpeg|thumb|OEM-branded Mouse Systems (Kirsch) optical mouse showing underside and mousemat pattern.]]

The optical mouse ultimately sold with the Xerox STAR office computer used an inverted sensor chip packaging approach patented by Lisa M. Williams and Robert S. Cherry of the Xerox Microelectronics Center.<ref>{{cite patent |country=US |number=4751505 |status=patent}}</ref>

The Mouse Systems (Kirsch) design was commercialised and sold in [[IBM PC compatible|PC compatible]] form by the company itself<ref name='kuzyatech'>{{cite web |url=https://kuzyatech.com/optical-mouse-the-old-way|title=Optical mouse, the old way|date=10 December 2016 |quote=[Box image] PC Mouse - State-of-the-art optical mouse [..] Mouse Systems Corp|access-date=2023-04-29|archive-date=2022-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207065231/https://kuzyatech.com/optical-mouse-the-old-way}}</ref> alongside variants rebranded for OEM use with [[Sun Microsystems]] workstations<ref name="retrotechnology_sun">{{cite web|url=https://www.retrotechnology.com/herbs_stuff/sgi.html#pads|title=Sun and Mouse Systems mice and optical pads|website=retrotechnology.com|access-date=2023-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316090625/https://www.retrotechnology.com/herbs_stuff/sgi.html#pads|archive-date=2023-03-16}}</ref> and by [[Data General]].<ref name='data_general_img'>{{cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_optical_mouse.jpeg|title=Old optical mouse|access-date=2023-04-29|website=Wikimedia Commons|date=20 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218003322/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_optical_mouse.jpeg|archive-date=2021-02-18}}</ref>