Editing Operation Fortitude (section)

===Deception techniques===
[[File:Joan_pujol_garcia.jpg|thumb|Juan Pujol Garcia, or agent Garbo, was a key part of the Fortitude deception]]

The idea of creating fake formations as a method of deception had been pioneered in Cairo by [[Dudley Clarke]]'s [[Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force|'A' Force]] earlier in the war. Fortitude made heavy use of Clarke's techniques for inflating the size of an army and used a number of methodologies which had come to be referred to as "special means." They included combinations of physical deception, fake wireless (radio) activity, leaks through diplomatic channels or double agents and the usage of notable officers in fake formations.

One of the main deception channels for the Allies was the use of double agents. B1A, the Counter-Intelligence Division of [[MI5]], had done a good job in intercepting numerous German agents in Britain. Many of them were recruited as double agents under the [[Double Cross System]]. For Fortitude, the intelligence agencies made particular use of three agents:

* [[Juan Pujol García]] (Garbo), a Spanish citizen who volunteered to set himself up as a double agent. Garbo was a key agent for the Fortitude deception. His fictional network of 27 agents across Britain was an excellent way to create the impression of additional formations. He was so trusted he was awarded the [[Iron Cross]] (for his efforts on [[D-Day]], he was awarded an [[Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire|MBE]]).
* [[Roman Czerniawski]] (Brutus), a Polish officer who ran an intelligence network for the Allies in occupied France. Captured by the Germans, he was offered a chance to work for them as a spy. On his arrival in Britain, he turned himself in to British intelligence.
* [[Dušan Popov]] (Tricycle), a Yugoslav lawyer, whose flamboyant lifestyle covered his intelligence activities.