Editing Op art (section)

=== ''The Responsive Eye'' ===
In 1965, between February 23 and April 25, an exhibition called ''The Responsive Eye'', created by [[William C. Seitz]], was held at the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York City and toured to St. Louis, Seattle, Pasadena, and Baltimore.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Seitz|first1=William C.|title=The Responsive Eye (exhibition catalog)|date=1965|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|location=New York|url=http://ubu.com/historical/responsive/ResponsiveEyeMOMA1965.pdf|access-date=January 23, 2016|oclc=644787547}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|date=February 25, 1965|title=The Responsive Eye|url=https://www.moma.org/momaorg/shared/pdfs/docs/press_archives/3439/releases/MOMA_1965_0015_14.pdf?2010|location= New York|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref> The works shown were wide-ranging, encompassing the minimalism of [[Frank Stella]] and [[Ellsworth Kelly]], the smooth plasticity of [[Alexander Liberman]], the collaborative efforts of the [[Anonima group]], alongside the well-known [[Wojciech Fangor]], [[Victor Vasarely]], [[Julian Stanczak]], [[Richard Anuszkiewicz]], [[Wen-Ying Tsai]], [[Bridget Riley]] and [[Getulio Alviani]]. The exhibition focused on the perceptual aspects of art, which result both from the illusion of movement and the interaction of color relationships.

The exhibition was a success with the public (visitor attendance was over 180,000),<ref>{{cite video |people=[[Gordon Hyatt]] (writer and producer), [[Mike Wallace]] (presenter)|date=1965|title=The Responsive Eye|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSVQqJo0Pmk| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103231508/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSVQqJo0Pmk| archive-date=2013-01-03 | url-status=dead|medium=Television production|publisher=Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.}} (Available on YouTube in three sections.)</ref> but less so with the critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2006/02/moma_1965_the_r.php|title=MoMA 1965: The Responsive Eye|publisher=CoolHunting.com|access-date=November 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928015307/http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2006/02/moma_1965_the_r.php|archive-date=September 28, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critics dismissed op art as portraying nothing more than ''[[trompe-l'œil]]'', or tricks that fool the eye. Regardless, the public's acceptance increased, and op art images were used in a number of commercial contexts. One of [[Brian de Palma]]'s early works was a documentary film on the exhibition.<ref>{{cite video|people= [[Brian De Palma]] (director)|date=1966|title=The Responsive Eye|url=http://ubu.com/film/depalma_responsive.html|medium=Motion picture}}</ref>