Editing Ogonek (section)

==Values==

===Nasalization===
The use of the ogonek to indicate [[nasal vowel|nasality]] is common in the transcription of the [[indigenous languages of the Americas]]. This usage originated in the orthographies created by [[Christian missionaries]] to transcribe these languages. Later, the practice was continued by Americanist anthropologists and linguists who still, to the present day, follow this convention in phonetic transcription (see [[Americanist phonetic notation]]).

The ogonek is also used  to indicate a nasalized vowel in Polish, academic transliteration of Proto-Germanic, [[Old Church Slavonic language|Old Church Slavonic]], Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, [[Tlicho language|Tłįchǫ Yatiì]], [[Slavey language|Slavey]], [[Chipewyan language|Dëne Sųłiné]] and Elfdalian<!-- in Tutchone too ? -->. In Polish, ''ę'' is nasalized ''e''; however, ''ą'' is nasalized ''o'', not ''a'', because of a vowel shift: ''ą'', originally a long nasal ''a'', turned into a short nasal ''o'' when the distinction in vowel quantity disappeared.

===Length===
In Lithuanian, the '''nosinė''' (literally, "nasal") mark originally indicated vowel nasalization but around late 17th and early 18th century, nasal vowels gradually evolved into the corresponding [[long vowel|long]] non-nasal vowels in most dialects. Thus, the mark is now ''de facto'' an indicator of vowel length (the length of etymologically non-nasal vowels is marked differently or not marked at all). The mark also helps to distinguish different grammatical forms with otherwise the same written form (often with a different word stress, which is not indicated directly in the standard orthography).

===Lowered articulation===
Between 1927 and 1989, the ogonek denoted [[relative articulation|lowering]] in [[vowel]]s, and, since 1976, in [[consonant]]s as well, in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). While the obsolete diacritic has also been identified as the [[ring (diacritic)|left half ring diacritic]] {{angbr IPA|◌̜}}, many publications of the IPA used the ogonek.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Whitley|first=M. Stanley|year=2003|title=Rhotic representation: problems and proposals|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=23|issue=1|pages=81–86|doi=10.1017/S0025100303001166|s2cid=145538124}} Page 84, note 2.</ref>

In [[Rheinische Dokumenta]], it marks vowels that are more open than those denoted by their base letters Ää, Oo, Öö. In two cases, it can be combined with [[Trema (diacritic)|umlaut]] marks.