Editing Occupied Palestinian territories (section)

==History== <!---[[History of the Palestinian territories]] redirects to this section heading. If the heading changes please update the redirect to match. TIA.--->
{{see also|History of Palestine|History of the Gaza Strip|History of the Palestinian people}}
{{History of the Palestinian territories}}

In 1922, after the collapse of the [[Ottoman Empire]] that ruled [[Ottoman Syria|Greater Syria]] for four centuries (1517–1917), the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate for Palestine]] was established. Large-scale Jewish immigration from abroad, mainly from [[Eastern Europe]] took place during the British Mandate, though Jewish immigration started during the Ottoman period.<ref>[https://www.un.org/depts/dpa/ngo/history.html History], Civil Society Network on the Question of Palestine, Division for Palestinian Rights, United Nations. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904224027/http://www.un.org/depts/dpa/ngo/history.html |date=4 September 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Mark A. Tessler">[http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mark_A._Tessler Mark A. Tessler], [https://books.google.com/books?id=3kbU4BIAcrQC&dq=Mark%20A.%20Tessler&pg=PP1 ''A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.''] page 211</ref> The future of Palestine was hotly disputed between Arabs and Jews. In 1947, the total Jewish ownership of land in Palestine was 1,850,000 dunams or {{convert|1850|km2|0|abbr=out}}, which is 7.04% of the total land of Palestine.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} Public property or "crown lands", the bulk of which was in the Negev, belonging to the government of Palestine may have made up as much as 70% of the total land; with the Arabs, Christians and others owning the rest.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The 1947 [[1947 UN Partition Plan|United Nations Partition Plan]] proposed a division of Mandate Palestine between an Arab and a Jewish state, with [[Jerusalem]] and the surrounding area to be a ''[[corpus separatum (Jerusalem)|corpus separatum]]'' under a special international regime. The regions allotted to the proposed Arab state included what became the Gaza Strip, and almost all of what became the West Bank, as well as other areas.

The Partition Plan was passed by the UN General Assembly in November 1947. The Partition Plan was accepted by the Jewish leadership, but rejected by the Arab leaders. The Arab League threatened to take military measures to prevent the partition of Palestine and to ensure the national rights of the Palestinian Arab population. One day before the expiration of the British Mandate for Palestine, on 14 May 1948, Israel declared its independence within the borders of the Jewish State set out in the Partition Plan. US President Harry Truman recognized the State of Israel ''de facto'' the following day. The Arab countries declared war on the newly formed State of Israel heralding the start of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Arab countries announced "an intervention in Palestine to restore law and order", heralding the start of the [[1948 Palestine War]].<ref name="arab league declaration">[[s:Cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations]]</ref>{{primary source inline|date=May 2013}}

After the [[1947–1949 Palestine war]], the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]] established the separation lines between the combatants, leaving Israel in control of some of the areas designated for the Arab state under the Partition Plan, Transjordan in control of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Egypt in control of the Gaza Strip and Syria in control of the [[Himmah Area]].

In 1950, Jordan annexed the West Bank. Only the [[United Kingdom]] formally recognized the annexation of the West Bank, excluding the case of East Jerusalem which was ''de facto'' recognized.<ref>Announcement in the UK House of Commons of the recognition of the State of Israel and also of the annexation of the West Bank by the State of Jordan. Commons Debates (Hansard) 5th series, Vol 474, pp1137-1141. 27 April 1950. [[:File:UKrecognizesIsraelJordan.pdf|scan (PDF)]]</ref> In the Gaza Strip the Arab League formed the [[All-Palestine Government]], which operated under [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt|Egypt occupation]].

Article 24 of the [[Palestinian National Covenant]] of 1964, which established the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]],<ref>[http://www.palestine-un.org/plo/pna_two.html Palestinian National Charter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001217042800/http://palestine-un.org/plo/pna_two.html |date=17 December 2000 }}, 1964</ref> stated: "This Organization does not exercise any territorial sovereignty over the West Bank in the [[Jordan|Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]], on the Gaza Strip or in the Himmah Area" (i.e. the areas of the former Mandate Palestine controlled by Jordan, Egypt and Syria, respectively).

Israel captured both territories in the 1967 Six-Day War, as well as other territory belonging to Egypt and Syria. Since then, these territories have been designated [[Israeli-occupied territories]]. Immediately after the war, on 19 June 1967, the Israeli government offered to return the [[Golan Heights]] to Syria, the Sinai to Egypt and most of the West Bank to Jordan in exchange for peace. At the [[1967 Arab League summit|Khartoum Summit]] in September, the Arab parties responded to this overture by declaring "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel and no negotiations with Israel."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm |title=Khartoum Resolutions |publisher=Mideastweb.org |date=19 June 1967 |access-date=30 June 2010}}</ref>

[[UN Security Council Resolution 242]] introduced the "[[UN Security Council Resolution 242#Semantic dispute|Land for Peace]]" formula for normalizing relations between Israel and its neighbors. This formula was used when Israel returned the [[Sinai Peninsula]] to Egypt in 1979 in exchange for a [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|peace treaty]]. While that treaty mentioned a "linkage" between Israeli–Egyptian peace and Palestinian autonomy, the formerly Egyptian-occupied territory in Gaza was excluded from the agreement, and remained under Israeli control.

The [[Oslo Accords]] of the early 1990s between the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] and Israel led to the creation of the [[Palestinian Authority]]. This was an interim organization created to administer a limited form of Palestinian self-governance in the territories for a period of five years during which final-status negotiations would take place. The Palestinian Authority carried civil responsibility in some rural areas, as well as security responsibility in the major cities of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Although the five-year interim period expired in 1999, the final status agreement has yet to be concluded despite attempts such as the [[Camp David 2000 Summit|2000 Camp David Summit]], the [[Taba summit]], and the unofficial [[Geneva Accords (2003)|Geneva Accords]].

{{Palestinian territory development}}