Editing Oat (section)

=== Phylogeny ===

[[File:Oat ancestry.svg|thumb|left|upright=2|Oat ancestry, showing how hexaploid species including the common oat ''Avena sativa'' derive from diploid and tetraploid species]]

[[Phylogenetic analysis]] using molecular DNA and morphological evidence places the oat genus ''[[Avena]]'' in the [[Pooideae]] subfamily. That subfamily includes the cereals [[wheat]]<!--wl 1st inst. in main text-->, [[barley]], and [[rye]]; they are in the [[Triticeae]] tribe, while ''Avena'' is in the [[Poeae]], along with grasses such as ''[[Briza]]'' and ''[[Agrostis]]''.<ref name="Soreng-2017">{{cite journal |last1=Soreng |first1=Robert J. |last2=Peterson |first2=Paul M. |last3=Romaschenko |first3=Konstantin |last4=Davidse |first4=Gerrit |last5=Teisher |first5=Jordan K. |last6=Clark |first6=Lynn G. |last7=Barberá |first7=Patricia |last8=Gillespie |first8=Lynn J. |last9=Zuloaga |first9=Fernando O. |display-authors=6 |title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=2017 |doi=10.1111/jse.12262 |pages=259–290 |bibcode=2017JSyEv..55..259S |hdl=10261/240149 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The wild ancestor of ''Avena sativa'' and the closely related minor crop – ''[[Avena byzantina|A. byzantina]]'' – is ''[[Avena sterilis|A. sterilis]]'', a naturally [[hexaploid]] wild oat, one that has its [[DNA]] in six sets of [[chromosome]]s. [[Genetic analysis|Genetic evidence]] shows that the ancestral forms of ''A. sterilis'' grew in the [[Fertile Crescent]] of the Near East.<ref name="Burger-2008">{{cite journal |issue=2 |year=2008 |pages=113–122 |last1=Burger |first1=Jutta C. |last2=Chapman |first2=Mark A. |last3=Burke |first3=John M. |volume=95 |s2cid=8521495 |pmid=21632337 |doi=10.3732/ajb.95.2.113 |title=Molecular insights into the evolution of crop plants |journal=American Journal of Botany |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Zhou-1999">{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=X. |last2=Jellen |first2=E.N. |last3=Murphy |first3=J.P. |year=1999 |title=Progenitor germplasm of domesticated hexaploid oat |url= |journal=[[Crop Science]] |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=1208–1214 |s2cid=8521495 |pmid=21632337 |doi=10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183x003900040042x }}</ref> 

Analysis of maternal lineages of 25 ''Avena'' species using [[chloroplast DNA|chloroplast]] and [[mitochondrial DNA]] showed that ''A. sativa''{{'s}} hexaploid  genome derives from three [[diploid]] oat species (each with two sets of chromosomes); the sets are dubbed A, B, C, and D. The diploid species are the CC ''A. ventricosa'', the AA ''A. canariensis'', and the AA ''A. longiglumis'', along with two tetraploid oats (each with four sets), namely the AACC ''A. insularis'' and the AABB ''A. agadiriana''. Tetraploids were formed as much as 10.6 [[myr|mya]], and hexaploids as much as 7.4 mya.<ref name="Fu-2018">{{cite journal |last=Fu |first=Yong-Bi |title=Oat evolution revealed in the maternal lineages of 25 ''Avena'' species |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=2018 |page=4252 |pmid=29523798 |pmc=5844911 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-22478-4 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.4252F}}<!--paper is CC-by-SA--></ref>{{-}}