Editing Nutcracker (section)

===Alternative designs===
[[File:Macadamia cracking tool.jpg|thumb|Modern screw nutcracker designed specifically for macadamia nuts]]

In the 17th century, screw nutcrackers were introduced that applied more gradual pressure to the shell, some like a vise.<ref name=book/>  The spring-jointed nutcracker was patented by [[Henry Quackenbush]] in 1913.<ref name="Nutcracker history">{{cite web|title= Nutcracker history - invention of the nutcrackers | url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/nutcracker.htm|publisher=ideafinder.com|access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> A [[Ratchet (device)|ratchet]] design, similar to a car jack, that gradually increases pressure on the shell to avoid damaging the kernel inside is used by the Crackerjack, patented in 1947 by Cuthbert Leslie Rimes of Morley, Leeds and exhibited at the [[Festival of Britain]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tried-tested-taking-a-crack-at-it-we-sample-seven-nutcrackers-the-hard-shell-won-when-it-came-to-the-1392361.html|title=TRIED & TESTED / Taking a crack at it: We sample seven nutcrackers. The hard shell won when it came to the crunch|last=Yarrow|first=Stella|work=The Independent|date=February 6, 1994|access-date=December 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://openingceremony.festivalofbritain.woodhousemoor.com/morleys-nutcrackers/|title=Morley's Nutcrackers|date=June 22, 1951|work=Morley Advertiser|access-date=December 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=GB&NR=592232|title=Improvements in or relating to nut-crackers GB592232 (A)|work=Espacenet|date=September 9, 1947|access-date=December 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ehive.com/account/3894/object/73525| title=Crackerjack nutcrackers; C.L. Rimes Limited, Leeds, UK; 1969; T92|work=City of Belmont Museum|publisher=Ehive|access-date=December 31, 2015}}</ref> Unshelled nuts are still popular in China, where a key device is inserted into the crack in walnuts, pecans, and macadamias and twisted to open the shell.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-24/cracking-nuts-in-china/5834734|title=Is China's love for our native nut a production threat or marketing opportunity for Australian macadamia growers?|work=ABC Rural|first=Kim|last=Honan|date=October 24, 2014|access-date=January 10, 2016}}</ref>

Screw nutcrackers are still commonly used to crack [[macadamia]] nuts,<ref name="am">{{cite web | url=https://www.australian-macadamias.org/grow/how-to-crack-a-macadamia-nut/ | title=How to crack a macadamia nut }}</ref> since their shell is too hard to be cracked with an ordinary nutcracker.<ref name="shellingmachine">{{cite web | url=https://www.shellingmachine.com/application/south-africa-macadamia-nuts-processing-industry.html | title=Macadamia Nuts Processing Industry in South Africa | date=25 June 2019 }}</ref>