Editing Noyon (section)

==History==
[[File:Noyon (60), hôtel de ville, façade principale (nord-ouest) 2.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Noyon|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
The town was founded as '''Noviomagus''' ([[Common Celtic|Celtic]] for "New Field" or "Market"). As several other cities shared the name, it was distinguished by specifying the people living in and around it. The town is mentioned in the [[Antonine Itinerary]] as being 27&nbsp;[[Roman miles]] from [[Soissons]] and 34&nbsp;[[Roman miles]] from [[Amiens]], but [[Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville|d'Anville]] noted that the distance must be in error, Amiens being further and Soissons closer than indicated.<ref>{{cite DGRG|title=Noviomagus|volume=2|pages=449–450}}</ref>

By the Middle Ages, the town's [[Vulgar Latin|Latin]] name had mutated to '''Noviomum'''. The town was strongly fortified; some sections of the Roman walls still remained in late antiquity. This may explain why, around the year 531, bishop [[Medardus]] moved his seat from [[Vermand]] in the [[Vermandois]] to Noyon. (Another option was to move his seat to [[Saint-Quentin, Aisne|Saint-Quentin]] but the wine produced in Noyon was thought to be much better than that produced in Saint-Quentin.<ref>M. Lachiver, Vins, vignes et vignerons. Histoire du vignoble français, éditions Fayard, Paris, 1988, ({{ISBN|221302202X}}), p. 53</ref> Other explanations are that [[Medardus]] was born near the town, at Salency, or that the place is nearer to Soissons, which was one of the royal capitals of the [[Merovingian]]s.) The bishop of Noyon was also bishop of Tournai from the seventh century until Tournai was raised to a separate diocese 1146.<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dtoub.html ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''s.v.'' Tournai &#91;Doornik&#93; (Diocese)]; [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tournai]].</ref>

The cathedral at Noyon was where [[Charlemagne]] was crowned as co-King of the Franks in 768,<ref>Peter Lasko, ''Ars Sacra, 800-1200'', (Yale University Press, 1994), 1.</ref> as was the first [[House of Capet|Capetian]] king, [[Hugh Capet]] in 987.<ref>''Laon'', Kim M. Magon, ''Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places'', Vol. 2, ed. Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger, (Routledge, 1995), 397.</ref> In 859 the town was attacked by [[Vikings]]<ref>Karl Leyser, ''Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries'', ed. Timothy Reuter, (Hambledon Press, 1994), 48 note110.</ref> and the bishop, [[Immo (bishop of Noyon)|Immo]], captured and killed.<ref>Dudo (Dean of St. Quentin), ''History of the Normans'', transl. Eric Christiansen, (The Boydell Press, 1998), 184 note82.</ref> The town received a [[medieval commune|communal charter]] in 1108, which was later confirmed by [[Philip Augustus of France|Philip Augustus]] in 1223. In the twelfth century, the [[Ancient Diocese of Noyon|diocese of Noyon]] was raised to an ecclesiastical [[duchy]] in the [[peerage of France]]. The [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1131, but soon replaced by the [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Noyon|present cathedral, Notre-Dame de Noyon]], constructed between 1145 and 1235, one of the earliest examples of [[Gothic architecture]] in France. The bishop's library is a historic example of [[half-timbered construction]].

By the [[Treaty of Noyon]], signed on the 13 August 1516 between [[Francis I of France]] and emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], France abandoned its claims to the [[Kingdom of Naples]] and received the [[Duchy of Milan]] in recompense. The treaty brought the [[War of the League of Cambrai]]&mdash; one stage of the [[Italian Wars]]&mdash; to a close. The [[Hôtel de Ville, Noyon|Hôtel de Ville]] was completed in 1520.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vpah-hauts-de-france.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/brochure-focus-hdv-noyon-3.pdf|title=Focus: Hôtel de Ville de Noyon|publisher=Ville et Pays D'Art et D'Histoire|page=8|access-date=14 January 2025}}</ref>

During [[Henry II of France|King Henry II]]'s [[Italian War of 1551–59|Italian war]] in 1557, most of Noyon would be burned,<ref>[[George A. Rothrock]], ''The Huguenots: A Biography of a Minority'', (Nelson-Hall, Inc., 1979), 48.</ref> in the midst of [[Philip II of Spain]]'s invasion of Picardy,<ref name="Spencer518">''A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East'', Vol. II, ed. [[Spencer C. Tucker]], (ABC-CLIO,  2010), 518.</ref> before returning to their winter quarters in the [[Spanish Netherlands]].<ref name="Spencer518" />

Near the end of the sixteenth century the town fell under [[Habsburg]] control, but [[Henry IV of France]] recaptured it. The [[Concordat of 1801]] suppressed its bishopric. The town was occupied by the [[Germany|Germans]] during [[World War I]] and [[World War II]] and on both occasions suffered heavy damage.