Editing Noosphere (section)

==Founding authors==
The term noosphere was first used in the publications of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in 1922<ref>In 1922, Teilhard wrote in an essay with the title 'Hominization': "And this amounts to imagining, in one way or another, above the animal biosphere a human sphere, a sphere of reflection, of conscious invention, of conscious souls (the noosphere, if you will)" (1966, p. 63)It was a neologism employing the Greek word noos for "mind".  (Teilhard de Chardin, "Hominization" (1923), "[https://archive.org/details/visionofpast0000teil The Vision of the Past]" pages 71, 230, 261)</ref> in his ''[[Cosmogenesis]]''.<ref>Tambov State Technical University: [http://www.tstu.ru/win/kultur/nauka/vernad/uchver.htm The Prominent Russian Scientist V. I. Vernadsky] (Russian)</ref> Vernadsky was most likely introduced to the term by a common acquaintance, Édouard Le Roy, during a stay in Paris.<ref>See: Fuchs-Kittowski, K.; Krüger, P.: The Noosphere Vision of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Vladimir I. Vernadsky in the Perspective of Information and of World Wide Communication; in World Futures: Vol. 50, No. 1-4, 1997. p. 768.</ref> Some sources claim Édouard Le Roy actually first proposed the term.<ref>Моисеев, 1990. 24 c.</ref> Vernadsky himself wrote that he was first introduced to the concept by Le Roy in his 1927 lectures at the College of France, and that Le Roy had emphasized a mutual exploration of the concept with Teilhard de Chardin.<ref>Original Citation in: Вернадский, Владимир:Несколько слов о ноосфере,Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing, 2018. (Translation of Russian Title: Vernadsky, Vladimir: Some Words on the Noosphere) Aphorism 11. (Original Published 1944. Citation from Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing, 2018 [https://books.google.com/books?id=REJKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP16 here.]</ref> According to Vernadsky's own letters, he took Le Roy's ideas on the noosphere from Le Roy's article "Les origines humaines et l’evolution de l’intelligence", part III: "La noosphere et l’hominisation", before reworking the concept within his own field, biogeochemistry.<ref>Fuchs-Kittowski, K.; Krüger, P.: The Noosphere Vision of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Vladimir I. Vernadsky in the Perspective of Information and of World Wide Communication; in World Futures: Vol. 50, No. 1-4, 1997. p. 769.</ref> The historian Bailes concludes that Vernadsky and Teilhard de Chardin were mutual influences on each other, as Teilhard de Chardin also attended Vernadsky's lectures on biogeochemistry, before creating the concept of the noosphere.<ref>Bailes, Kendall E.: Science and Russian Culture in an Age of Revolutions - V.I. Vernadsky and His Scientific School, 1863-1945, Bloomigton, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990. p. 162.</ref>

An account stated that Le Roy and Teilhard were not aware of the concept of biosphere in their noosphere concept and that it was Vernadsky who introduced them to this notion, which gave their conceptualization a grounding on natural sciences.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Danilov-Danil'yan |first1=Victor I. |title=Sustainable Development and the Limitation of Growth: Future Prospects for World Civilization |last2=Losev |first2=K. S. |last3=Reyf |first3=Igor E. |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9783540752493 |location=Berlin |pages=181}}</ref> Both Teilhard de Chardin and Vernadsky base their conceptions of the noosphere on the term 'biosphere', developed by Edward Suess in 1875.<ref name="auto">Levit, Georgy S.: The Biosphere and the Noosphere Theories of V.I. Vernadsky and P. Teilhard de Chardin: A Methodological Essay, International Archives on the History of Science/Archives Internationales D'Histoire des Sciences", 2000. p. 161.</ref> Despite the differing backgrounds, approaches and focuses of Teilhard and Vernadsky, they have a few fundamental themes in common. Both scientists overstepped the boundaries of the natural sciences and attempted to create all-embracing theoretical constructions founded in philosophy, the social sciences and authorized interpretations of the evolutionary theory.<ref name="auto" /> Moreover, both thinkers were convinced of the [[Teleology in biology|teleological character]] of evolution. They also argued that human activity becomes a geological power and that the manner by which it is directed can influence the environment.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lavrenova |first=Olga |title=Spaces and Meanings: Semantics of the Cultural Landscape |date=25 March 2019 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783030151676 |location=Cham |pages=16}}</ref> There are fundamental differences in the two conceptions.