Editing Niobium (section)

===Naming the element===
''Columbium'' (symbol Cb)<ref>{{cite journal|title = Reaction of Tantalum, Columbium and Vanadium with Iodine|first = F.|last = Kòrösy|journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society|date = 1939|volume = 61|issue = 4|pages = 838–843|doi = 10.1021/ja01873a018| bibcode=1939JAChS..61..838K }}</ref> was the name originally given by Hatchett upon his discovery of the metal in 1801.<ref name="Hatchett_1802b" /> The name reflected that the type specimen of the [[ore]] came from the United States of America ([[Columbia (name)|Columbia]]).<ref name="Nicholson_1809">{{Citation |editor-last=Nicholson |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Nicholson (chemist) |year=1809 |title=The British Encyclopedia: Or, Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, Comprising an Accurate and Popular View of the Present Improved State of Human Knowledge |volume=2 |publisher=[[Longman|Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme]] |pages=284 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzUPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP284 |postscript=. |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225011934/https://books.google.com/books?id=SzUPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP284 |url-status=live }}</ref> This name remained in use in American journals—the last paper published by [[American Chemical Society]] with ''columbium'' in its title dates from 1953<ref>{{cite journal|title = Photometric Determination of Columbium, Tungsten, and Tantalum in Stainless Steels|author=Ikenberry, L.|author2=Martin, J. L.|author3=Boyer, W. J.|journal = Analytical Chemistry |date = 1953|volume = 25|issue =9|pages = 1340–1344|doi = 10.1021/ac60081a011}}</ref>—while ''niobium'' was used in Europe. To end this confusion, the name ''niobium'' was chosen for element 41 at the 15th Conference of the Union of Chemistry in Amsterdam in 1949.<ref name="Contro">{{cite journal |first = Geoff|last = Rayner-Canham|author2=Zheng, Zheng |title = Naming elements after scientists: an account of a controversy|journal = Foundations of Chemistry|volume = 10|issue = 1|date = 2008|doi = 10.1007/s10698-007-9042-1|pages = 13–18|s2cid = 96082444}}</ref> A year later this name was officially adopted by the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) after 100 years of controversy, despite the chronological precedence of the name ''columbium''.<ref name="Contro" /> This was a compromise of sorts;<ref name="Contro" /> the IUPAC accepted [[tungsten]] instead of wolfram in deference to North American usage; and ''niobium'' instead of ''columbium'' in deference to European usage. While many US chemical societies and government organizations typically use the official IUPAC name, some metallurgists and metal societies still use the original American name, "''columbium''{{-"}}.<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Science|date = 1914|title = Columbium Versus Niobium|pages = 139–140|first = F. W.|last = Clarke|jstor = 1640945|volume = 39|issue = 995|doi = 10.1126/science.39.995.139|pmid = 17780662|bibcode = 1914Sci....39..139C|url = https://zenodo.org/record/1448139|access-date = 5 September 2020|archive-date = 2 June 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220602091834/https://zenodo.org/record/1448139|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="patel" /><ref name="Gree">{{cite journal|journal = Catalysis Today|date = 2003|title = Vanadium to dubnium: from confusion through clarity to complexity|pages = 5–11|last = Norman N.|first = Greenwood|doi = 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00318-8 |volume = 78|issue = 1–4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = ASTM A572 / A572M-18, Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel| url = https://www.astm.org/Standards/A572| publisher = ASTM International, West Conshohocken| year = 2018| access-date = 2020-02-12| archive-date = 12 February 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200212215757/https://www.astm.org/Standards/A572| url-status = live}}</ref>