Editing Ngô Đình Nhu (section)

==Rise to power==
{{Main|1955 State of Vietnam referendum}}
Nhu's brother Diệm had been appointed Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam by Bảo Đại on 16 June 1954 after the French had been defeated at [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu|Điện Biên Phủ]] and 12 days after his Vietnam became a fully sovereign country within the French Union.{{sfn|Turner|1975|p=93}} At the start of 1955, [[French Indochina]] was dissolved, leaving Diệm in temporary control of the south.<ref>Maclear, pp. 65–68.</ref> A referendum was scheduled for 23 October 1955 to determine the future direction of the south. It was contested by Bảo Đại, who advocated for the restoration of the monarchy, while Diệm ran on a "republican" platform. The elections were held, with Nhu and the family's Cần Lao political apparatus, which supplied Diệm's electoral base, as well as organising and supervising elections.<ref name="karnow55"/><ref name=l99>Langguth, p. 99.</ref>

Campaigning for Bảo Đại was prohibited, and the result was rigged, with Bảo Đại supporters attacked by Nhu's workers. Diệm recorded 98.2% of the vote, including 605,025 votes in Saigon, where only 450,000 voters were registered. Diệm's tally also exceeded the registration numbers in other districts.<ref name="karnow55">Karnow, p. 239.</ref><ref name="jacobs">Jacobs, p. 95.</ref> Nhu created a web of covert political, security, labor and other organizations, and built a structure of five-man cells to spy on dissidents and promote those loyal to Diệm's regime.<ref name="Karnow, pp. 280–284"/>