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===Early settlement=== [[Quakers]] from the [[Thirteen Colonies]] moved to the area to avoid violence they were expected to take part in during the [[American Revolution]]. In June 1800, Timothy Rogers, a Quaker from [[Vermont]], explored the area around the Holland River to find a suitable location for a new Quaker settlement. He, Samuel Lundy and their group of Religious Society of Friends received the grant of {{convert|8000|acres|ha}} around the Holland River. In 1801, Rogers returned along with several Quaker families who had left their homes in Vermont and [[Pennsylvania]], and settled here between 1801 and 1803.<ref name="ontarioplaques.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_York14.html|title=Founding of Newmarket Historical Plaque |website=www.ontarioplaques.com| access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Joseph Hill constructed a mill on the river,<ref name="ontarioplaques.com"/> damming it to produce a [[mill pond]] today known as Fairy Lake.<ref name="newmarket.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www.newmarket.ca/ThingsToDo/Documents/History%20-%20Terry%20Carter%20Compilation.pdf |title=A Brief History of the Town of Newmarket |access-date=February 9, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428155938/http://www.newmarket.ca/ThingsToDo/Documents/History%20-%20Terry%20Carter%20Compilation.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2016 }}</ref> The settlement of "Upper Yonge Street" developed around the mill and the Holland River. Hill also built a [[Tanning (leather)|tannery]] north of the mill, the first general store and house, and additional mills. In 1802, [[Elisha Beman]], who owned land in the area,<ref name="ontarioplaques.com"/> established a mill, and then a distillery. Mordecai Millar also built mills, and Joseph Hill opened a tannery. During the [[War of 1812]] a resident, William Roe, hid the settlement's gold treasury from invading American troops. The war helped the settlement prosper, as the British army purchased goods and food and hired locals to build structures.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Robert Terence |title=Stories of Newmarket: An Old Ontario Town |date=April 15, 2011 |publisher=Dundurn |page=76 |isbn=9781554888818 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKwo5Fb7_YUC&q=war+of+1812 |access-date=13 November 2018}}</ref> By 1814, the settlement had two frame and several log buildings used as residences.<ref name="electriccanadian.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.electriccanadian.com/history/ontario/york/part03chap11.htm |title=History of Toronto and County of York in Ontario Part III: Town of Newmarket |access-date=April 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819060727/http://www.electriccanadian.com/history/ontario/york/part03chap11.htm |archive-date=August 19, 2017 }}</ref> The settlement continued to grow through the early 19th century, along with the formation of [[Aurora, Ontario|Aurora]] and [[Holland Landing, Ontario|Holland Landing]]. A post office opened in 1826, and until 1890 the name was spelled "New Market".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=William|title=The Macmillan Book of Canadian Place Names|publisher=Macmillan|year=1978|isbn=0-7715-9754-1|location=Toronto|pages=161}}</ref> Newmarket is noted for its role in the [[Rebellions of 1837β1838]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cfha.info/journal77p57.pdf |title=The War of 1812-14 and the Rebellion of 1837 from "The Story of Sharon" |access-date=April 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501154110/http://cfha.info/journal77p57.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada : a collection of documents |year=1985 |publisher=Champlain Society in cooperation with the Ontario Heritage Foundation |isbn=0-88629-026-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rebellionof1837i0000unse/page/182 182]β186 |edition=Second Printing |url=https://archive.org/details/rebellionof1837i0000unse |url-access=registration |quote=Newmarket . |access-date=13 November 2018}}</ref> and was a centre of discontent against the manipulations of the governing [[Family Compact]]. Rebel leader [[William Lyon Mackenzie]] organized a series of meetings leading to the Rebellion; the first of which, on August 3, 1837, was delivered from the veranda of the North American Hotel in Newmarket. This speech contributed to the rebellion, as it was heard by about 600 farmers and others sympathetic to Mackenzie's cause, who later that year armed themselves and marched down Yonge Street to take the capital. A number of leaders from this area were [[Attainder|attainted]] for [[high treason]], convicted and [[Hanging|hanged]].<ref>{{cite book |title=History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario |year=1885 |publisher=C. Blackett Robinson |page=[https://archive.org/details/historytorontoa00goog/page/n422 182] |edition=1885 |url=https://archive.org/details/historytorontoa00goog |quote=Newmarket, ontario war of 1812. |access-date=13 November 2018 |chapter=The Town of Newmarket}}</ref> By 1846, the population was about 600. Much of the settlement was built on the south side of the town, with farms surrounding it. There were six churches or chapels, a post office, five stores, three taverns, and tradesmen of various types. Industry included two grist-mills, two breweries, a distillery, one tannery, a foundry, a carding machine, and a cloth factory.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Wm. H. |date=1846 |title=Smith's Canadian Gazetteer - Statistical and General Information Respecting All Parts of The Upper Province, or Canada West|url=https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |location=Toronto |publisher=H. & W. ROWSELL |page=[https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit/page/124 124]}}</ref> In June 1853, the first train pulled into Newmarket on the [[Toronto, Simcoe & Lake Huron Union Railroad]],<ref name="ontarioplaques.com"/> the first railway in [[Upper Canada]]. It was later called the [[Northern Railway of Canada]], and carried passengers, agricultural products and manufactured goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tuscanlodge.ca/?page_id=129&doing_wp_cron=1493389979.4500379562377929687500|title=A Brief History of Newmarket - Tuscan Lodge|website=tuscanlodge.ca|access-date=May 1, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819060435/http://tuscanlodge.ca/?page_id=129&doing_wp_cron=1493389979.4500379562377929687500|archive-date=August 19, 2017}}</ref> The line eventually linked Toronto to [[Collingwood, Ontario|Collingwood]] on [[Georgian Bay]], a major shipbuilding centre.<ref>[http://www.newmarket.ca/userfiles/HTML/nts_1_2737_1.html Historic Newmarket, The first railroad in Upper Canada] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007063707/http://www.newmarket.ca/userfiles/HTML/nts_1_2737_1.html |date=October 7, 2006 }}</ref> Today, this line is the "Newmarket Subdivision" of the [[Canadian National Railway]] system, running north out of Newmarket towards [[Bradford, Ontario|Bradford]], and south towards Toronto.
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