Editing New Year (section)

==By month or season==

===January===
[[File:McCutcheonNY1905.jpg|thumb|[[Baby New Year]] 1905 chases old 1904 into the history books in this cartoon by [[John T. McCutcheon]].]]
*January 1: The first day of the civil year in the [[Gregorian calendar]] used by most [[countries]].
**Contrary to common belief in the west, the civil New Year of January 1 is not an [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] religious holiday. The [[Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar]] makes no provision for the observance of a New Year. January 1 is itself a religious holiday, but that is because it is the feast of the circumcision of Christ (seven days after His birth), and a [[Three Holy Hierarchs|commemoration of saints]]. While the liturgical calendar begins September 1, there is also no particular religious observance attached to the start of the new cycle. Orthodox nations may, however, make civil celebrations for the New Year. Those who adhere to the [[revised Julian calendar]] (which synchronizes dates with the Gregorian calendar), including Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Romania, Syria, Turkey and Ukraine, observe both the religious and civil holidays on January 1. In other nations and locations where Orthodox churches still adhere to the [[Julian calendar]], including Georgia, Israel, Russia, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and [[Russian-occupied Ukraine]], the civil new year is observed on January 1 of the civil calendar, while those same religious feasts occur on January 14 Gregorian (which is January 1 Julian), in accord with the liturgical calendar.
*The [[Japanese New Year]] (正月, Shōgatsu) is currently celebrated on January 1, with the holiday usually being observed until January 3, while other sources say that Shōgatsu lasts until January 6. In 1873, five years after the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar. Prior to 1873, Japan used a lunar calendar with twelve months each of 29 or 30 days for a total year of about 354 days.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nqdT8xPiFNYC&pg=PR19|title=Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1998|isbn=9780804763868|pages=19|access-date=2023-03-19|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160720/https://books.google.com/books?id=nqdT8xPiFNYC&pg=PR19|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The [[Sámi people|Sámi]] celebrated [[Ođđajagemánnu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laits.utexas.edu/sami/dieda/anthro/concept-time.htm|title=The Sami Concept of Time|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719062439/http://www.laits.utexas.edu/sami/dieda/anthro/concept-time.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Winter lunisolar new years <span class="anchor" id="Winter lunar new years"></span> ===
[[File:A journey to the Liaohe River Bridge in Tieling County 31.jpg|thumb|A Happy New Year sign in northeastern China]]
[[Lunisolar calendar]]s count months according to [[lunation]]s but, because there are not an even number of [[lunar cycle]]s in a [[solar year]], the calendar must be restarted annually on the first, second or even third new moon after the [[winter solstice]]. (The term "lunar calendar" is often used of lunisolar calendars, but true [[lunar calendar]]s (such as the [[Islamic calendar]]) count only lunations and ignore the solar seasons.)
*The [[Chinese New Year]], also known as Spring Festival or Lunar New Year, occurs every year on the [[new moon]] of the first lunar month, about the beginning of spring ([[Lichun]]). The exact date can fall any time between January 21 and February 21 (inclusive) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]]. Traditionally, years were marked by one of twelve [[Earthly Branches]], represented by an animal, and one of ten [[Heavenly Stems]], which correspond to the [[Five elements (Chinese philosophy)|five elements]]. This combination [[sexagenary cycle|cycles every 60 years]]. It is the most important Chinese celebration of the year.
*The [[Korean New Year]] is a [[Seollal]] or Lunar New Year's Day. Although January 1 is, in fact, the first day of the year, Seollal, the first day of the lunar calendar, is more meaningful for Koreans. A celebration of the Lunar New Year is believed to have started to let in good luck and ward off bad spirits all throughout the year. With the old year out and a new one in, people gather at home and sit around with their families and relatives, catching up on what they have been doing.
*The [[Vietnamese New Year]] is the [[Tết Nguyên Đán]] which most times is the same day as the Chinese New Year due to the Vietnamese using a lunisolar calendar similar to the Chinese calendar.
*The [[Tibet]]an New Year is [[Losar]] and falls between January and March.
*The [[Taiwanese New Year]] is called Kuè-nî and falls between January and March.

===March===
*[[Babylonia]]n New Year began with the first New Moon after the [[northward equinox]].  Ancient celebrations lasted for eleven days.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tek Web Visuals, Cochina |url=http://www.worldescan.com/Festivity_Newyear.php |title=New Year's Day |publisher=World e scan |access-date=13 November 2011 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110180850/http://www.worldescan.com/Festivity_Newyear.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Nava Varsha is celebrated in India in various regions from March–April.
*The [[Iran]]ian [[Iranian calendar|New Year]], called [[Nowruz]], is the day containing the exact moment of the Northward equinox, which usually occurs on March 20 or 21, marking the start of the spring season. The [[Zoroastrian]] New Year coincides with the [[Iran]]ian New Year of [[Nowruz]] and is celebrated by the [[Parsis]] in India and by Zoroastrians and Persians across the world. In the [[Baháʼí calendar]], the new year occurs on the vernal equinox on March 20 or 21 and is called [[Baháʼí Naw-Rúz|Naw-Rúz]]. The Iranian tradition was also passed on to Central Asian countries, including Kazakhs, Uzbeks, and Uighurs, and there is known as [[Nauryz]]. It is usually celebrated on March 22.
*The [[Bali]]nese New Year, based on the Saka Calendar (Balinese-Javanese Calendar), is called [[Nyepi]], and it falls on Bali's Lunar New Year (around March). It is a day of silence, fasting, and meditation: observed from 6 am until 6 am the next morning, Nyepi is a day reserved for self-reflection and as such, anything that might interfere with that purpose is restricted. Although Nyepi is a primarily Hindu holiday, non-Hindu residents of Bali observe the day of silence as well, out of respect for their fellow citizens. Even tourists are not exempt; although free to do as they wish inside their hotels, no one is allowed onto the beaches or streets, and the only airport in Bali remains closed for the entire day. The only exceptions granted are for emergency vehicles carrying those with life-threatening conditions and women about to give birth.
*[[Ugadi]] ({{langx|te|ఉగాది}}, {{langx|kn|ಯುಗಾದಿ}}); the Telugu and Kannada New Year, generally falls in the months of March or April. The people of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]] and [[Karnataka]] states in southern India celebrate the advent of New Year's Day in these months. The first month of the new year is Chaitra Masa.
*In the Kashmiri calendar, the holiday [[Kashmiri Pandit festivals#Navreh|Navreh]] marks the New Year in March–April. This holy day of [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] Brahmins has been celebrated for several millennia.
*[[Gudi Padwa]] is celebrated as the first day of the [[Hindu calendar|Hindu]] year by the people of [[Maharashtra]], India and Sanskar Padwa is celebrated in [[Goa]]. This day falls in March–April and coincides with [[Ugadi]]. (see: [[Deccan]])
*The [[Sindh]]i festival of [[Cheti Chand]] is celebrated on the same day as [[Ugadi]]/[[Gudi Padwa]] to mark the celebration of the Sindhi New Year.
*The [[Thelemic]] New Year on March 20 (or on April 8 by some accounts) is usually celebrated with an invocation to [[Ra-Hoor-Khuit]], commemorating the beginning of the [[Aeon (Thelema)|New Aeon]] in 1904. It also marks the start of the twenty-two-day Thelemic holy season, which ends on the third day of the writing of [[The Book of the Law]]. This date is also known as The Feast of the Supreme Ritual. There are some{{Who|date=January 2018}} that believe the Thelemic New Year falls on either March 19, 20, or 21, depending on the vernal equinox, which is The Feast for the Equinox of the Gods on the vernal equinox of each year to commemorate the founding of Thelema in 1904. In 1904 the vernal equinox was on March 21, and it was the day after [[Aleister Crowley]] ended his Horus Invocation that brought on the new Æon and Thelemic New Year.

===April===
*The Assyrian-Babylonian New Year, called [[Kha b'Nissan]] or Resha d'Sheeta, occurs on April 1.
*[[Thelemic]] New Year Celebrations usually end on April 10, after an approximately one-month-long period that begins on March 20 (the formal New Year). This one-month period is referred to by many as the High Holy Days, and end with periods of observance on April 8, 9, and 10, coinciding with the three days of the Writing of the Book of the Law by [[Aleister Crowley]] in 1904.<ref>"[http://www.thelema.org/home/thelemic_holy_season.html The Thelemic Holy Season] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619132522/http://www.thelema.org/home/thelemic_holy_season.html |date=2017-06-19 }}", 2004</ref>

===Mid-April (Spring in the Northern Hemisphere)===
{{main|South and Southeast Asian New Year}}
The new year of many [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asian]] calendars falls between April 13–15, marking the beginning of spring.
*The [[Baloch people|Baloch]] [[Hindu]] people in [[Pakistan]] and [[India]] celebrate their new year called Bege Roch in the month of Daardans according to their Saaldar calendar.
*[[Tamil people|Tamil]] New Year ({{langx|ta|தமிழ்புத்தாண்டு}} ''[[Puthandu]]'') is celebrated in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]], on the first of ''Chithrai'' (சித்திரை) (April 13, 14, or 15). In the temple city of [[Madurai]], the Chithrai Thiruvizha is celebrated in the [[Meenakshi Temple]]. A huge exhibition is also held, called Chithrai Porutkaatchi. In some parts of Southern [[Tamil Nadu]], it is also called Chithrai [[Vishu]]. The day is marked with a feast in [[Hindu]] homes and the entrance to the houses are decorated elaborately with [[kolam]]s.
*[[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]/[[Sikh]] [[Vaisakhi]] (ਵਿਸਾਖੀ) is celebrated on April 14 in [[Punjab]] according to their [[nanakshahi]] calendar.
*[[Nepal]] New Year in Nepal is celebrated on the 1st of [[Baisakh]] ''Baisākh'' which falls on 12–15 April in the Gregorian calendar. Nepal follows the [[Bikram Sambat|Bikram Sambat (BS)]] as an official calendar.
*The [[Dogras|Dogra]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] celebrate their new year Chaitti in the month of Chaitra.
*[[Maithili New Year]] or '''Jude-Sheetal''' too fall on these days. It is celebrated by [[Maithils|Maithili People]] all around the world.
*[[Assamese people|Assamese]] New Year (''[[Bihu|Rongali Bihu]]'' or ''Bohag Bihu'') is celebrated on April 14 or 15 in the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]].
*[[Bengali people|Bengali]] New Year ({{langx|bn|পহেলা বৈশাখ}} ''[[Pôhela Boishakh]]'' or {{langx|bn|বাংলা নববর্ষ}} ''Bangla Nôbobôrsho'') is celebrated on the 1st of [[Boishakh]] (April 14 or 15) in [[Bangladesh]] and the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and [[Tripura]].
*[[Odia people|Odia]] New Year (''[[Festivals of Odisha|Vishuva Sankranti]]'') is celebrated on April 14 in the Indian state of [[Odisha]]. It is also called [[Vishuva Sankranti]] or [[Pana Sankranti]] (ପଣା ସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତି).
*[[Meitei people|Manipuri]] New Year or Cheirouba is celebrated on April 14 in the Indian State of Manipur with much festivities and feasting.
*[[Sinhalese New Year]] is celebrated with the harvest festival (in the month of Bak) when the sun moves from the Meena Rashiya (House of Pisces) to the Mesha Rashiya (House of Aries). Sri Lankans begin celebrating their National New Year "Aluth Avurudda (අලුත් අවුරුද්ද)" in Sinhala and "Puththandu (புத்தாண்டு)" in Tamil. However, unlike the usual practice where the new year begins at midnight, the National New Year begins at the time determined by the astrologers by calculating the exact time that sun goes from  Meena Rashiya (House of Pisces) to the Mesha Rashiya (House of Aries). Not only the beginning of the new year but the conclusion of the old year is also specified by the astrologers. And unlike the customary ending and beginning of the new year, there is a period of a few hours in between the conclusion of the Old Year and the commencement of the New Year, which is called the "nona gathe" (neutral period) Where part of the sun in House of Pisces and Part is in House of Aries.
*[[Malayali]] New Year ({{langx|ml|വിഷു}}, ''[[Vishu]]'') is celebrated in the South Indian state of [[Kerala]] in mid-April.
*Western parts of [[Karnataka]] where Tulu is spoken, the new year is celebrated along with Tamil/ Malayali New year April 14 or 15, although in other parts most commonly celebrated on the day of [[Gudi Padwa]], the [[Marathi people|Maharashtrian]] new year. In [[Kodagu]], in Southwestern Karnataka, however, both new year, Yugadi (corresponding to Gudi Padwa in March) and Bisu (corresponding to Vishu in around April 14 or 15), are observed.
*The [[Water Festival]] is the form of similar new year celebrations taking place in many [[Southeast Asian]] countries, on the day of the full moon of the 11th month on the [[lunisolar calendar]] each year. The date of the festival is based on the traditional lunisolar calendar which determines the dates of Buddhist festivals and holidays, and is observed from April 13 to 15.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Crump|first=William D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA235|title=Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide|publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers|year=2016|isbn=9781476607481|pages=235|access-date=2023-03-19|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160719/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA235|url-status=live}}</ref> Traditionally people gently sprinkled water on one another as a sign of respect, but since the new year falls during the hottest month in Southeast Asia, many people end up dousing strangers and passersby in vehicles in boisterous celebration. The festival has many different names specific to each country:
**In [[Burma]] it is known as ''[[Thingyan]]'' ({{MYname|MY=သင်္ကြန်|MLCTS=sangkran}})
** [[Songkran (Thailand)|Songkran]] ({{langx|th|สงกรานต์}}) in Thailand
** [[Lao New Year|''Pi Mai Lao'']] ({{langx|lo|ສົງກຣານ}} ''Songkan'') in Laos
** [[Cambodian New Year|''Chaul Chnam Thmey'']] ({{langx|km|បុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំថ្មី}} ) in [[Cambodia]].
** It is also the traditional new year of the [[Dai people]]s of [[Yunnan Province]], China. Religious activities in the tradition of Theravada Buddhism are also carried out, a tradition in which all of these cultures share.

===June===
* The New Year of the [[Kutchi people]] occurs on ''Ashadi Beej'', that is 2nd day of [[Shukla paksha]] of [[Aashaadha]] month of [[Hindu calendar]]. As for people of [[Kutch]], this day is associated with the beginning of rains in Kutch, which is largely a desert area. Hindu calendar month of Aashaadh usually begins on June 22 and ending on July 22.
* [[Odunde Festival]] is a celebration on the 2nd Sunday of June, where "Odunde" means "Happy New Year" in the Yorube Nigerian language.
*The [[Xooy]] ceremony of the [[Serer people]] of Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania marks the Serer New Year.
*In the [[Dogon religion]], the ''Bulo'' festival marks the [[Dogon people|Dogon]] New Year.

===July===
* The New Year of the [[Zulu people]] occurs on the full moon of July.

===September===
* [[Neyrouz]], the [[Coptic calendar|Coptic]] New Year, is the continuation of the [[#Variable|ancient Egyptian New Year]] following the [[list of Roman emperors|Roman emperor]] [[Augustus]]'s reform of its calendar. Its date of [[Thoth (month)|Thoth]] 1 usually occurs on August 29 in the [[Julian calendar]], except in the year before a Julian [[leap year]], when it occurs the next day. The [[leap year]]s removed from the [[Gregorian calendar]] mean that it presently falls on September 11 or 12 but on different days before 1900 or after 2100.
* [[Enkutatash]], the [[Ethiopian calendar|Ethiopian]] New Year, occurs on the same day as Neyrouz.
* The New Year of the [[French Revolutionary Calendar]], in force from 1793 to 1805 and briefly under the [[Paris Commune]] in 1871, occurred on the [[Southward equinox]] (22, 23, or 24 September)

===Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere===
*[[Rosh Hashanah]] ([[Hebrew]] for 'head of the year') is a Jewish, two day holiday, commemorating the culmination of the [[Genesis creation myth|seven days of Creation]], and marking God's yearly renewal of His world. The day has elements of festivity and introspection, as God is traditionally believed to be assessing His creation and determining the fate of all men and creatures for the coming year. In Jewish tradition, honey is used to symbolize a sweet new year. At the traditional meal for that holiday, apple slices are dipped in honey and eaten with blessings recited for a good, sweet new year. Some Rosh Hashanah greetings show honey and an apple, symbolizing the feast. In some congregations, small straws of honey are given out to usher in the new year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/112530|title=Rosh Hashanah: Prayers, Shofars, Apples, Honey and Pomegranates|last=Ben|first=Tzvi|date=22 September 2006|publisher=Israelnationalnews.com|access-date=13 November 2011|archive-date=27 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127165040/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/112530|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The [[Pathans]] [[Kalasha]] celebrate their Chowmus which marks the beginning of their year in [[Chitral]] district of [[Pakistan]] and parts of [[India]].
*The [[Marwaris|Marwari]] New Year (Thapna) is celebrated on the day of the festival of [[Diwali]], which is the last day [[Paksha|Krishna Paksha]] of the [[Ashvin]] month & also the last day of the Ashvin month of the [[Hindu calendar]].
*The [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] New Year ([[Balipratipada|Bestu/Nao Varas]]) is celebrated the day after the festival of [[Diwali]] (which occurs in mid-fall – either October or November, depending on the [[Lunar calendar]]). The Gujarati New Year is synonymous with ''sud ekam'', i.e. first day of [[Shukla paksha]] of the ''[[Kartika (month)|Kartik]]'' month, which is taken as the first day of the first month of the Gujarati lunar calendar. Most other [[Hindu]]s celebrate the New Year in early spring. The Gujarati community all over the world celebrates the New Year after Diwali to mark the beginning of a new fiscal year.
*The [[Sikkimese people|Sikkimese]] celebrate their new year called [[Losar]].
*The Nepal Era New year (see [[Nepal Sambat]]) is celebrated in regions encompassing original Nepal. The new year occurs on the fourth day of [[Diwali]]. The calendar was used as an official calendar until the mid-19th century. However, the new year is still celebrated by the [[Newars]] community of  Nepal.
*Some [[neo-pagan]]s celebrate their interpretation of [[Samhain]] (a festival of the ancient Celts, held around November 1) as a New Year's Day representing the new cycle of the [[Wheel of the Year]], although they do not use a different calendar that starts on this day.

=== December ===
* The [[Mizo people|Mizo]] in [[northeast India]] celebrate their [[Pawl Kut]] in December.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mizoram : a study in comprehensive geography|last=Rintluanga.|first=Pachuau|date=2009|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-8172112646|location=New Delhi|pages=9|oclc=471671707}}</ref>
* The [[Inuit]], the [[Aleut]], the [[Yupik people|Yupik]], the [[Chukchi people|Chukchi]] and the [[Iñupiat]] celebrate [[Quviasukvik]] ({{langx|iu|ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑎᖃᕐᕕᒃ}}) as their New Year. It occurs on the same day as [[Christmas Eve]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url = https://journals.openedition.org/jsa/2772|doi = 10.4000/jsa.2772|title = Quviasukvik. The celebration of an Inuit winter feast in the central Arctic|year = 2002|last1 = Laugrand|first1 = Frédéric|last2 = Oosten|first2 = Jarich|journal = Journal de la Société des Américanistes|volume = 88|issue = 88|pages = 203–225|s2cid = 161600212|doi-access = free|access-date = 2020-01-18|archive-date = 2020-08-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200802185147/https://journals.openedition.org/jsa/2772|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://arctickingdom.com/quviasukvik-the-inuit-winter-festival-and-christmas/| title = Quviasukvik: The Inuit Winter Festival & Christmas| access-date = 2020-01-19| archive-date = 2020-10-31| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065114/https://arctickingdom.com/quviasukvik-the-inuit-winter-festival-and-christmas/| url-status = dead}}</ref>

===Variable===
{{hiero|{{nowrap|Opening of the Year<ref>For alternative representations of the Opening of the Year, see [[Mesori#Names|Mesori]].</ref>}}<br>''[[Transliteration of ancient Egyptian|Wpt Rnpt]]''<ref name=vygus>{{citation |last=Vygus |first=Mark |date=2015 |title=Middle Egyptian Dictionary |url=http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/documents/VygusDictionaryApril2015.pdf |access-date=2017-02-09 |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803121351/https://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/documents/VygusDictionaryApril2015.pdf |url-status=live }}.</ref>|<hiero>F15</hiero>|align=right}}
* The [[Islamic New Year]] occurs on [[Muharram]]. Since the [[Islamic calendar]] is based on 12 [[lunar month]]s amounting to about 354 days, its New Year occurs about eleven days earlier each year in relation to the Gregorian calendar, with two Islamic New Years falling in the Gregorian year 2008.
* [[Satu Suro]] is the [[Javanese people|Javanese]] New Year, which falls on the first day of the month of ''Suro'' and corresponds with the first Islamic month of [[Muharram]]. Most [[Javanese people|Javanese]] in [[Java]], [[Indonesia]] celebrated it by staying at home and refrain leaving the house. 
* The "Opening of the Year" ({{langx|egy|Wp(t) Rnpt}}; {{langx|ar|افتتاح العام}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Aiftitah al-Eam}}''), usually transcribed as Wep Renpet, was the [[ancient Egypt]]ian New Year. It appears to have originally been set to occur upon [[Sirius]]'s [[heliacal rising|return to the night sky]] (July 19 proleptic [[Julian calendar]]),<ref name=teatime>{{citation |last=Tetley |first=M. Christine |title=The Reconstructed Chronology of the Egyptian Kings, ''Vol. I'' |url=http://www.egyptchronology.com/vols-1--2.html |date=2014 |page=[http://www.egyptchronology.com/uploads/2/6/9/4/26943741/ch_3_investigating_ancient_egyptian_calendars.pdf 42] |access-date=2017-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075421/http://www.egyptchronology.com/vols-1--2.html |archive-date=2017-02-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> during the initial stages of former [[flooding of the Nile|annual flood]] of the [[Nile]]. However the [[Egyptian calendar]]'s lack of [[leap year]]s, until its reform by the [[list of Roman emperors|Roman emperor]] [[Augustus]], meant that the celebration slowly cycled through the entire solar year over the course of two or three 1460-year [[Sothic cycle]]s.