Editing New College, Oxford (section)

=== Foundation ===
{{see|Architecture of Winchester College}}

In 1379 William of Wykeham decided to found a college. He applied to [[King Richard II]] for a royal charter permitting the foundation.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=17}} In addition, he wrote a charter of his own, requiring his college to have a warden and seventy scholars. He purchased the necessary land in separate lots from the City of Oxford, [[Merton College]] and [[The Queen's College, Oxford|Queen's College]]. The area had been the City Ditch, a dangerous place by the city's wall; it had been used within living memory for burials during the [[Black Death in England|Black Death]].{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=25–26}}

The college was founded the same year in conjunction with a feeder school, [[Winchester College]] (founded 1382, opened 1394).<ref name="History"/><ref name="Winchester College Heritage">{{cite web |title=Winchester College: Heritage |url=https://www.winchestercollege.org/welcome/heritage |publisher=Winchester College |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126150709/https://www.winchestercollege.org/welcome/heritage |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The two institutions have striking architectural similarities: both were the work of master mason [[William Wynford]].<ref name="Hayter 1970">{{cite book |last=Hayter |first=William Goodenough |author-link=William Hayter (diplomat) |title=William of Wykeham: Patron of the Arts |date=1970 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |page=75}}</ref> The first stone was laid on 5 March 1380. The college had occupied the buildings by 14 April 1386.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=17–18}} William of Wykeham then drew up the statutes of the college.<ref name="History"/> The coat of arms of the college is William of Wykeham's. It features two black chevrons, one said to have been added when he became a bishop and the other possibly representing his skill with architecture, since the chevron was a device used by masons. Winchester College uses the same arms.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=22}} The college's [[motto]], created by William of Wykeham, is "Manners Makyth Man".<ref name="History"/>

New College was established to have prayers said for William of Wykeham's soul. He instructed that there were to be ten chaplains, three clerks and a [[choir]] of 16 choristers on the foundation of the college.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/OxfordNewCollege.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050109033344/http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/OxfordNewCollege.htm |archive-date=9 January 2005 |title=History of Oxford New College School |access-date=4 January 2009 |publisher=Of Choristers – ancient and modern }}</ref> 

As well as being one of the first Oxford colleges to take undergraduates and to appoint tutors to teach them,{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=68-69}}<ref name=VCHNew>{{cite book |editor-last1=Salter |editor-first1=H E |editor-last2=Lobel |editor-first2=Mary D. |title=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3, the University of Oxford |date=1954 |publisher=Victoria County History |location=London |pages=144–162 |chapter=New College |chapter-url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp144-162 |quote=Most previous colleges had been designed to enable graduates to proceed to higher degrees. New College was primarily designed to take undergraduates through their arts course;}}</ref> New College was the first in Oxford to be deliberately designed around a main [[Quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangle]].<ref name=VCHNew /> The college was about as large as all of the (six) existing Oxford colleges combined.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salter |first1=Herbert Edward |title=Medieval Oxford |date=1936 |publisher=Oxford Historical Society |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSktAAAAMAAJ |page=97 |quote=I estimate that in 1360 the six colleges which then existed would contain about 10 undergraduates, 23 bachelors and 40 masters.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cobban |first1=Alan B. |title=The Medieval English Universities |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zorDwAAQBAJ |page=122 |isbn=9781351885805 |quote=prior to the virtual doubling of the number of fellowships with the foundation of New College in 1379, the six secular colleges supplied a total of only about 63 graduate fellows.}}</ref>