Editing Neurofibromatosis (section)

==Cause==
[[File:Autosomal dominant - en.svg|thumb|Diagram of autosomal dominant inheritance pattern]]
The three types of neurofibromatosis are caused by different mutations on chromosomes. NF1 is caused by a mutation on the NF1 gene on the arm of chromosome 17.<ref name="Woodrow_2015" /> NF2 is caused by a mutation on the NF2 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 22.<ref name="Woodrow_2015" /> Schwannomatosis is caused by various mutations on chromosome 22.<ref name="Woodrow_2015" />

Neurofibromatosis is an [[autosomal dominant]] disorder, which means only one copy of the affected [[gene]] is needed for the disorder to develop.<ref name="Woodrow_2015" /> If one parent has neurofibromatosis, his or her children have a 50% chance of developing the condition as well. The severity of the parent's condition does not affect the child; the affected child may have mild NF1 even though it was inherited from a parent with a severe form of the disorder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neurofibromatosis type 1 - Causes |url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/neurofibromatosis/pages/causes.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065741/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Neurofibromatosis/Pages/Causes.aspx |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=2015-10-09 |website=NHS Choices}}</ref> The types of neurofibromatosis are:
* [[Neurofibromatosis type I]], in which the nerve tissue grows tumors (neurofibromas) that may be benign, but may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=Neurofibromatosis type 1 |url=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910222428/http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-1 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=2015-10-09 |website=Genetics Home Reference}}</ref>
* [[Neurofibromatosis type II]], in which bilateral acoustic neuromas (tumors of the vestibulocochlear nerve or cranial nerve 8 (CN VIII) also known as schwannoma) develop, often leading to hearing loss.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=Neurofibromatosis type 2 |url=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910222433/http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-2 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=2015-10-09 |website=Genetics Home Reference}}</ref> 
* [[Schwannomatosis]], in which painful schwannomas develop on spinal and peripheral nerves.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FQFGnXv41h0C |title=Practical Surgical Neuropathology: A Diagnostic Approach |vauthors=Perry A, Brat DJ |date=1 January 2010 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-443-06982-6 |page=435 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502120635/https://books.google.com/books?id=FQFGnXv41h0C |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>