Editing Neturei Karta (section)

==History==
{{further|Haredim and Zionism}}
[[File:Beis Medrash Toiroh Veyiroh.jpg|thumb|Neturei Karta synagogue and study hall in [[Jerusalem]]]]

===Before modern Israel===
In the [[Old Yishuv]] under the [[Ottoman Empire]], the religious Jewish communities primarily concentrated in the Jewish holy cities of [[Jerusalem]], [[Safed]], [[Hebron]], and [[Tiberias]] largely eschewed the secular orientation of [[political Zionism]], which they saw as a potential threat to their way of life.<ref name="Haaretzexplainer" /> They resented the new arrivals, who were predominantly non-religious, while they asserted that Jewish redemption could be brought about only by the Jewish messiah.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

In 1921, some of the most devout of the Ashkenazi Old Yishuv formed the [[Haredi Council of Jerusalem]] as a counterpoint to the [[Chief Rabbinate]], created by the British [[Mandatory Palestine]] government. The Haredi saw the rabbinate as a capitulation to the secular Zionists and their nationalist aspirations.<ref name="Haaretzexplainer" />

The [[World Agudath Israel|Aguda movement]] represented by the Haredi Council opposed the formation of a [[Jewish state|Jewish political state]] in the [[Land of Israel]] and discouraged its European members from [[Second Aliyah|immigrating to Palestine]]. However, in the 1930s, the movement adopted a more compromising and accommodationist approach to the Zionist movement in response to rising antisemitism in Europe. Aguda's leniency was too much for Rabbi [[Amram Blau]], active in Aguda's Jerusalem chapter. Along with Rabbi Aharon Katzenelbogen, Blau split with the Aguda in 1937 and co-founded Chevrat HaChayim, quickly renamed Neturei Karta.<ref name="Haaretzexplainer" /><ref>Rabbi Amram Blau Founder of the Neturei Karta Movement: An Abridged Biography. Motti Inbari, Hebrew Union College Annual, Vol. 81 (2010), pp. 11-12.</ref>

===Since Israeli independence===
[[File:Judaism condemns Israel's atrocities -6 (52032176719).jpg|thumb|Members of Neturei Karta holding Palestinian flags and placards saying that "Judaism condemns the state of Israel and its atrocities" in London, 2022]]
After the [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|creation of the modern State of Israel]] in 1948, Neturei Karta refused to recognize the Israeli government or any of its institutions. The group began holding public protests that often turned violent over what they perceived as the secularization of Jerusalem, the violation of [[Shabbat]] in ultra-Orthodox neighborhoods, and public gender mixing.<ref name="Haaretzexplainer" />

After the [[Six Day War]], Neturei Karta began cultivating friendly relationships in the [[Arab world]]. In 1969, the group protested Israel outside the [[United Nations]], then in 1970 held a similar protest with the new [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO). Then Neturei Karta leader [[Moshe Hirsch]] befriended PLO leader [[Yasir Arafat]], who many Israelis viewed as their public enemy number one. Arafat appointed Hirsch to the symbolic position of Jewish affairs minister, receiving a $30,000 monthly salary.<ref name="Haaretzexplainer" /> Two Neturei Karta members participated in a 2004 prayer vigil for Arafat outside the [[Hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy|Percy Military Hospital]] in [[Paris]], [[France]], where he lay on his death bed,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/11/international/europe/11vigil.html?_r=0|newspaper=New York Times|title=Arafat's Followers Kept Solemn Vigil Outside Hospital in France|author=Elaine Sciolino|date=11 November 2004|access-date=7 January 2013}}</ref> an act widely condemned by other Orthodox Jewish organizations, including many other anti-Zionist Haredi organizations, both in New York and Jerusalem. Hirsh attended Arafat's funeral in Ramallah.<ref name="Forwardexplainer" />